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Soil factors play a decisive role in the formation of the species composition of plant communities in the steppe zone. The purposeof the research work was: a comprehensive assessment of the productivity of natural lands and agrocenoses. Field research was carried out in the Orenburg Urals region. It was established that the productivity of above-ground phytomass decreases from steppe areas - 2.38 t/ha to agrocenoses - 0.38 t/ha. In the steppe area, 89 plant species from 27 families were noted; in the forest belt - 59 species from 22 families; fallows - 28 species from 10 families, the agrocenosis is represented by 5 species from 4 families. When assessing soil fertility, the quantitative content of humus and basic plant nutrients: nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, were important. The amount of humus in the soils of the steppe area at a depth of (0 -10 cm) is 0.77% and (30-40 cm) is 1.4%. The smallest amount of humus in the soils of the agrocenosis is at a depth of (0-10 cm) - 0.32% and (30-40 cm) - 0.36%. The heterogeneity of the content of mobile phosphorus was revealed, high values were noted in the soils of the agrocenosis at a depth (0-10 cm) - 51 mg/kg and the lowest values in the soils of the steppe area at a depth (30-40 cm) - 17.16 mg/kg. A significant content of mobile forms of potassium was noted in the forest belt at a soil depth (0-10 cm) - 761.1 mg/kg, the minimum parameters of the steppe area at a soil depth (30-40 cm) - 106.4 mg/kg. Microclimate, the amount of nutrients in the soil, and anthropogenic impact are the main indicators of the productivity formation of the phytocenosis of a particular tract.
Soil factors play a decisive role in the formation of the species composition of plant communities in the steppe zone. The purposeof the research work was: a comprehensive assessment of the productivity of natural lands and agrocenoses. Field research was carried out in the Orenburg Urals region. It was established that the productivity of above-ground phytomass decreases from steppe areas - 2.38 t/ha to agrocenoses - 0.38 t/ha. In the steppe area, 89 plant species from 27 families were noted; in the forest belt - 59 species from 22 families; fallows - 28 species from 10 families, the agrocenosis is represented by 5 species from 4 families. When assessing soil fertility, the quantitative content of humus and basic plant nutrients: nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, were important. The amount of humus in the soils of the steppe area at a depth of (0 -10 cm) is 0.77% and (30-40 cm) is 1.4%. The smallest amount of humus in the soils of the agrocenosis is at a depth of (0-10 cm) - 0.32% and (30-40 cm) - 0.36%. The heterogeneity of the content of mobile phosphorus was revealed, high values were noted in the soils of the agrocenosis at a depth (0-10 cm) - 51 mg/kg and the lowest values in the soils of the steppe area at a depth (30-40 cm) - 17.16 mg/kg. A significant content of mobile forms of potassium was noted in the forest belt at a soil depth (0-10 cm) - 761.1 mg/kg, the minimum parameters of the steppe area at a soil depth (30-40 cm) - 106.4 mg/kg. Microclimate, the amount of nutrients in the soil, and anthropogenic impact are the main indicators of the productivity formation of the phytocenosis of a particular tract.
We tested the hypothesis that landscape spatial pattern controlled the range of possible dynamic states. We used NDVI values in 1984-2019 in the low-mountain-steppe landscape in the Southern Urals and calculated Getis-Ord statistic to detect hot and cold spots of high and low green phytomass, respectively. We assessed the stability of hot and cold spots before and after establishment of protective regime and evaluated the contribution of the matter circulation in a catchment geosystem to the stability of phytoproductive functioning. The dynamics of the areas of spots of increased and decreased phytomass in the steppe landscape has a clearly pronounced seasonal variation, determined by the time of increased or decreased evaporation. The frequency of spots of high phytomass increases in the larger catchments. The mode of phytoproductive functioning in small catchments can be more holistic without the persistent areas with a meadow type of functioning. Sub-vertical and inclined bedding of sedimentary rock layers distorts the dependence of hot spots on catchment area. The protective regime in the zonal steppe phytocoenoses stabilizes the dynamics of green phytomass.
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