Spatial spillover effects of a community action programme targeting on-licensed premises on violent assaults: evidence from a natural experiment

Brännström, Lars; Trolldal, Björn; Menke, Martin R.

doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206124

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…554 (13.2%), C. 1177 (28.1%) and D. 695 (16.6%). The overall trend suggests an increase in homicide rates, which supports our study hypothesis that homicide rates have increased in municipalities with smaller populations of interventions focused in particular areas (Brännström et al 2016). Our findings also have implications for the content of those programs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…dissemination, indicates that focused prevention efforts in one location may produce indirect benefits for nearby locations by preventing or reversing the transmission of violence through space. As Brazil implements new national strategies for preventing violence, evaluations should consider the possible spatial spillover effects of interventions focused in particular areas (Brännström et al 2016 ). Our findings also have implications for the content of those programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping disparities in homicide trends across Brazil: 2000–2014

et al. 2020

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Background: Homicides are a major problem in Brazil. Drugs and arms trafficking, and land conflicts are three of the many factors driving homicide rates in Brazil. Understanding long-term spatiotemporal trends and social structural factors associated with homicides in Brazil would be useful for designing policies aimed at reducing homicide rates. Methods: We obtained data from 2000 to 2014 from the Brazil Ministry of Health (MOH) Mortality Information System and sociodemographic data from the Brazil Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). First, we quantified the rate of change in homicides at the municipality and state levels. Second, we used principal component regression and k-medoids clustering to examine differences in temporal trends across municipalities. Lastly, we used Bayesian hierarchical space-time models to describe spatio-temporal patterns and to assess the contribution of structural factors. Results: There were significant variations in homicide rates across states and municipalities. We noted the largest decrease in homicide rates in the western and southeastern states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo, which coincided with an increase in homicide rates in the northeastern states of Ceará,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping disparities in homicide trends across Brazil: 2000–2014

et al. 2020

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“…As mentioned in the previous QIC report, NP centers also reduced their patients’ HbA1c values substantially and such a spill‐over effect on non‐enrolled clinics is known from other studies . This type of spatial spill‐over, that is, an indirect improvement effect, has been described to take place in other areas of public health 24‐26 . The spill‐over effect continued and the NP centers, treating 30% of the pediatric patients with diabetes in Sweden, decreased their HbA1c values in total by 0.35% (3.8 mmol/mol) over the 36 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Continued improvement of metabolic control in Swedish pediatric diabetes care

et al. 2016

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“…In these statistical power calculations we have not taken into account any potential ‘spill-over’ effects, such as described for a community action programme in Sweden [ 40 ], and which implies that the above may be an underestimation of the true statistical power (or, conversely, of the minimal detectable effect). It is unclear how these should be modelled, and therefore, as outlined above, no LSOAs immediately adjacent will be matched.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communities in charge of alcohol (CICA): a protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champions programme

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCommunities In Charge of Alcohol (CICA) takes an Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach to reducing alcohol harm. Through a cascade training model, supported by a designated local co-ordinator, local volunteers are trained to become accredited ‘Alcohol Health Champions’ to provide brief opportunistic advice at an individual level and mobilise action on alcohol availability at a community level. The CICA programme is the first time that a devolved UK region has attempted to coordinate an approach to building health champion capacity, presenting an opportunity to investigate its implementation and impact at scale. This paper describes the protocol for a stepped wedge randomised controlled trial of an Alcohol Health Champions programme in Greater Manchester which aims to strengthen the evidence base of ABCD approaches for health improvement and reducing alcohol-related harm.MethodsA natural experiment that will examine the effect of CICA on area level alcohol-related hospital admissions, Accident and Emergency attendances, ambulance call outs, street-level crime and anti-social behaviour data. Using a stepped wedged randomised design (whereby the intervention is rolled out sequentially in a randomly assigned order), potential changes in health and criminal justice primary outcomes are analysed using mixed-effects log-rate models, differences-in-differences models and Bayesian structured time series models. An economic evaluation identifies the set-up and running costs of CICA using HM Treasury approved standardised methods and resolves cost-consequences by sector. A process evaluation explores the context, implementation and response to the intervention. Qualitative analyses utilise the Framework method to identify underlying themes.DiscussionWe will investigate: whether training lay people to offer brief advice and take action on licensing decisions has an impact on alcohol-related harm in local areas; the cost-consequences for health and criminal justice sectors, and; mechanisms that influence intervention outcomes. As well as providing evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention to reduce the harm from alcohol, this evaluation will contribute to broader understanding of asset based approaches to improve public health.Trial registrationISRCTN 81942890, date of registration 12/09/2017.

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Spatial spillover effects of a community action programme targeting on-licensed premises on violent assaults: evidence from a natural experiment

Abstract: The indirect effect of the programme was three times larger than its direct effect. Failing to account for such local spillover effects can result in a considerable underestimation of the programme's total impact and may lead to erroneous policy recommendations.

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Mapping disparities in homicide trends across Brazil: 2000–2014

Mapping disparities in homicide trends across Brazil: 2000–2014

Continued improvement of metabolic control in Swedish pediatric diabetes care

Communities in charge of alcohol (CICA): a protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champions programme

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