Spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals with large optical activity and absorption

Fazio, E.; Babin, V.; Petriş, A.; Belardini, A.; Bertolotti, M.; Vlad, V. I.

doi:10.1117/12.530071

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Bright solitons are much more stable than dark solitons and offer the simplest way to photo-induce slab and channel waveguides. The application of intense biases has been already tested 9,10 with other photorefractive materials, and in this letter will be applied to induce bright solitons in congruent undoped LiNbO 3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides

Fazio

Renzi

Rinaldi

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

189

107

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Photorefractive screening-photovoltaic solitons are observed in lithium niobate. Two-dimensional bright circular solitons are formed thanks to a strong static bias field, externally applied, opposite to the photovoltaic internal field. The dynamics of the soliton formation is monitored and compared to a time-dependent numerical model allowing determination of the photovoltaic field. Efficient single mode waveguides are shown to be memorized by the soliton beam for a long time. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides

Fazio

Renzi

Rinaldi

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

189

107

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“…Analytical and numerical results within a theoretical model for (2+1)D soliton propagation in PRC with strong optical activity and experimental results proving the generation of (1+1)D and (2+1)D solitons in Bi 12 SiO 20 (BSO) crystals [32,33,[36][37][38][39], at high external electric fields are presented in this section.…”

Section: Photorefractive Spatial Solitonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38,39]. The scheme of the experimental set-up was similar to that shown in Figure 3, except for the background beam, which was expanded using a telescope with a spatial filter, and then sent after a long path, to the sample along its [110] crystallographic direction-denoted Y in the following discussion.…”

Section: Dynamic Waveguides and Gratings In Photorefractive Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Waveguides and Gratings in Photorefractive Crystals

Vlad

Fazio

Damzen

et al.

Photo-Excited Processes, Diagnostics and Applications

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This chapter is an overview of the photorefractive effect, the important photorefractive nonlinear processes and common photorefractive materials. In Section 2, the formation of steadystate spatial solitons by laser beam propagation through photorefractive crystals (PRC) with optical activity and absorption is theoretically and experimentally described. The spatial soliton features, which characterize the dynamic waveguide built in PRC, are analyzed. The soliton polarisation dynamics reaches a stable behavior under high external electric fields. Two-wave mixing and self-diffraction in dynamic harmonic and inharmonic gratings, induced by lasers in PRC, are presented in Section 3. The diffraction efficiency and beam amplification can reach high values, with promising potential in optical interconnections and storage. Dynamic and adaptive gratings by double phase conjugation (DPC) in PRC are discussed in Section 4. High phase conjugated reflectivity, high coupling transmission efficiency and robust interconnections of mutually incoherent lasers are achieved in DPC using Rh:BaTiO 3 crystals. Overview of the photorefractive effect and materials Photoexcited processes in photorefractive crystals (PRC)The photorefractive effect is a process, in which the refractive index of an optical material is changed, when illuminated by light. The photorefractive effect is commonly understood by the band transport model [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. According to this model, a photorefractive material contains deep and shallow levels in the forbidden bandgap due to impurities or defects in that material. In Figure 1, this model is illustrated for the case of a deep level associated with a donor and the shallow level-trap, to an acceptor. It is assumed that the donor concentration is greater than the acceptor, such as when the shallow acceptors are completely filled by electrons.It is also assumed that the donor level is deep in the bandgap and consequently, the thermal excitation is neglected.When the photorefractive material is illuminated by light with a high photon energy, the deep donors are photoionized and free carriers are raised into the conduction band. If additionally, nonuniform light distributions, such as focused laser beams or intensity interference patterns are used, the free electrons move into the conduction band by diffusion, drift and photovoltaic transport processes. Another important process in these materials is the recombination of the free carriers with CHAPTER 3

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Spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals with large optical activity and absorption

Abstract: The generation of spatial solitons in BSO crystals has been demonstrated analytically and experimentally. Nonlinear polarisation dynamics has been introduced to demonstrate the soliton generation which can lead to vortex beams

Cited by 2 publications

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Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides

Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides

Dynamic Waveguides and Gratings in Photorefractive Crystals

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