Spatial scale in analysis of the dental plaque microbiome

Borisy, Gary G.; Valm, Alex M.

doi:10.1111/prd.12364

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(327 reference statements)

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“…Finally, as periodontitis reflects changes in the geospatial and functional aspects of microbial complexes in the subgingival microbiome [85][86][87][88] we explored the presence of microbial consortia and estimated their combined role in regulating the AMF patterns with age and in health and disease. We had previously reported on these types of microbial consortia that were significantly associated with gingival tissue responses of apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia genes [77,78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival Transcriptome of Innate Antimicrobial Factors and the Oral Microbiome With Aging and Periodontitis

Ebersole

Kirakodu

Linh-Trung

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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The epithelial barrier at mucosal sites comprises an important mechanical protective feature of innate immunity, and is intimately involved in communicating signals of infection/tissue damage to inflammatory and immune cells in these local environments. A wide array of antimicrobial factors (AMF) exist at mucosal sites and in secretions that contribute to this innate immunity. A non-human primate model of ligature-induced periodontitis was used to explore characteristics of the antimicrobial factor transcriptome (n = 114 genes) of gingival biopsies in health, initiation and progression of periodontal lesions, and in samples with clinical resolution. Age effects and relationship of AMF to the dominant members of the oral microbiome were also evaluated. AMF could be stratified into 4 groups with high (n = 22), intermediate (n = 29), low (n = 18) and very low (n = 45) expression in healthy adult tissues. A subset of AMF were altered in healthy young, adolescent and aged samples compared with adults (e.g., APP, CCL28, DEFB113, DEFB126, FLG2, PRH1) and were affected across multiple age groups. With disease, a greater number of the AMF genes were affected in the adult and aged samples with skewing toward decreased expression, for example WDC12, PGLYRP3, FLG2, DEFB128, and DEF4A/B, with multiple age groups. Few of the AMF genes showed a >2-fold increase with disease in any age group. Selected AMF exhibited significant positive correlations across the array of AMF that varied in health and disease. In contrast, a rather limited number of the AMF significantly correlated with members of the microbiome; most prominent in healthy samples. These correlated microbes were different in younger and older samples and differed in health, disease and resolution samples. The findings supported effects of age on the expression of AMF genes in healthy gingival tissues showing a relationship to members of the oral microbiome. Furthermore, a dynamic expression of AMF genes was related to the disease process and showed similarities across the age groups, except for low/very low expressed genes that were unaffected in young samples. Targeted assessment of AMF members from this large array may provide insight into differences in disease risk and biomolecules that provide some discernment of early transition to disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival Transcriptome of Innate Antimicrobial Factors and the Oral Microbiome With Aging and Periodontitis

Ebersole

Kirakodu

Linh-Trung

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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“…Planktonic cells, aggregates of cells, and early colonizers (e.g., Streptococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Actinomyces sp., and Candida sp.) adhere to this pellicle via specialized adhesins on the bacterial cell surface [ 35 , 36 ]. These species do not promiscuously bind to any filament available, but rather engage in a highly specific interaction with already adhered cells, such as Corynebacterium sp., Actinomyces sp., [ 18 ], or yeast/hyphae cells forming the first layer of supragingival biofilm [ 26 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friends with Benefits: An Inside Look of Periodontal Microbes’ Interactions Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization—Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be particularly useful to describe the microbial composition and spatial organization of mixed microbial infections, as it happens in periodontitis. This scoping review aims to identify and map all the documented interactions between microbes in periodontal pockets by the FISH technique. Three electronic sources of evidence were consulted in search of suitable articles up to 7 November 2020: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus (Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics: Philadelphia, PA, USA) online databases. Studies that showed ex vivo and in situ interactions between, at least, two microorganisms were found eligible. Ten papers were included. Layered or radially ordered multiple-taxon structures are the most common form of consortium. Strict or facultative anaerobic microorganisms are mostly found in the interior and the deepest portions of the structures, while aerobic microorganisms are mostly found on the periphery. We present a model of the microbial spatial organization in sub- and supragingival biofilms, as well as how the documented interactions can shape the biofilm formation. Despite the already acquired knowledge, available evidence regarding the structural composition and interactions of microorganisms within dental biofilms is incomplete and large-scale studies are needed.

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“…Therefore, the potential big role for it in oral biofilms came to attention. In 2016, Borisy et al used a fluorescence in situ hybridization probe to determine the bio-geographic location of each bacterium and first clearly showed the central position of C. matruchotii in the hedgehog structures in healthy people's supragingival plaque (Mark Welch et al, 2016 ; Borisy and Valm, 2021 ). The “hedgehog” structure is a special consortium of various bacteria named by its morphology seen under electron microscopy as spiny, radially oriented filaments, and within the structure, C. matruchotii stood in the center of the field of vision with a variety of bacteria surrounding it.…”

Section: Matruchotii In the Structure Of Supragingival Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium matruchotii: A Confirmed Calcifying Bacterium With a Potentially Important Role in the Supragingival Plaque

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Corynebacterium matruchotii is a reported calcifying bacterium that can usually be isolated from dental calculus and induce mineralization in vitro. In recent years, based on in situ hybridization probe and sequencing technology, researchers have discovered the central “pillar” role of C. matruchotii in supragingival plaque, and many studies focused on bacterial interactions in the biofilm structure dominated by C. matruchotii have been conducted. Besides, C. matruchotii seems to be an indicator of “caries-free” oral status according to imaging and sequencing studies. Therefore, in this review, we summarize C. matruchotii ‘s role in supragingival plaque based on the structure, interactions, and potential connections with oral diseases.

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Spatial scale in analysis of the dental plaque microbiome

Cited by 25 publications

References 147 publications

Gingival Transcriptome of Innate Antimicrobial Factors and the Oral Microbiome With Aging and Periodontitis

Gingival Transcriptome of Innate Antimicrobial Factors and the Oral Microbiome With Aging and Periodontitis

Friends with Benefits: An Inside Look of Periodontal Microbes’ Interactions Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization—Scoping Review

Corynebacterium matruchotii: A Confirmed Calcifying Bacterium With a Potentially Important Role in the Supragingival Plaque

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