Spatial Rules for Capturing Qualitatively Equivalent Configurations in Sketch maps

Abstract

Abstract-Sketch maps are an externalization of an individual's mental images of an environment. The information represented in sketch maps is schematized, distorted, generalized, and thus processing spatial information in sketch maps requires plausible representations based on human cognition. Typically only qualitative relations between spatial objects are preserved in sketch maps, and therefore processing spatial information on a qualitative level has been suggested. This study extends our previous work on qualitative representations and alignment of sketch maps. In this study, we define a set of spatial relations using the declarative spatial reasoning system CLP(QS) as an approach to formalizing key spatial aspects that are preserved in sketch maps. Unlike geo-referenced maps, sketch maps do not have a single, global reference frame. Rather, the sketched elements themselves act as referencing objects. Using the declarative spatial reasoning system CLP(QS), we define constraint logic programming rules that formalize various key spatial aspects of sketch maps at a local level, between nearby objects. These rules focus on linear ordering, cyclic ordering, and relative orientation of depicted objects along, and around, salient reference objects.

Hand-drawn sketch and vector map matching based on topological features

“…(3) Relationship between ground features and road segments. Jan et al (Jan et al, 2015) proposed a type of left-right model that can roughly express the relative position of the ground object and road section. This model contains six basic relations, which are the landmarks or ground objects along the road section titled: left_of, right, cross, crossed by, front_of, and back_of.…”

“…People can use hand-drawn sketches for travel addressing or path analysis to meet some of their daily needs (Rovine and Weisman, 1989;Son, 2005;Tu Huynh and Sean, 2007). As a graphical interaction method that vaguely approximates the user's intention, hand-drawn sketching has the characteristics of intuitive and natural information input, and has been widely used in computer-aided design, virtual reality, visualization, artificial intelligence and other fields, and the relevant research focuses on the research of recognition technology of hand-drawn sketches (Schwering et al, 2014;Jan et al, 2015;Chipofya, 2016;Jan et al, 2017;Ali and Shahbazi, 2020).…”