Spatial restructuring through poverty alleviation resettlement in rural China

Lo, Kevin; Xue, Longyi; Wang, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.06.006

Cited by 141 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The Urban Resettlement Model relies on the driving effect of the town, so that relocated people in a town can get more employment opportunities, better public services, and finally move out of poverty to become rich. It is expected that migrant resettlement will be combined with urban-rural integration, to "eradicate the root" of poverty so migrants will fully enjoy the same rights enjoyed by urban residents [17]. The Urban Resettlement Model, analyzed from the perspective of the relocated households, not only reflects changes in the geographical space of the production and life of the resettlers, but also affects the Sustainability 2020, 12, 2084 5 of 16 original production and living factors of the resettlers and the changes in the living infrastructure.…”

Section: Impact Mechanism Of Urban Resettlement Model On Livelihoods mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

et al. 2020

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As a major measure of ecological environment protection, ecological migration addresses the conflict between humans and the ecological environment. The Urban Resettlement Model is a prevalent resettlement model used by the Chinese government to try to alleviate poverty brought about by the ecological environment by promoting migration. This study initially explored the mechanism of influencing the livelihoods of relocated households in the Urban Resettlement Model by analyzing questionnaire data obtained from farmers in the resettlement area of Nangqian County. The coarsened exact matching (CEM) model was used to control the influence of confounding factors in the observation data. Next, a disordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact and effect of the Urban Resettlement Model on the livelihoods of the relocated non-agricultural farmers and poor relocated households. The results show that the Urban Resettlement Model has a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For all relocated households, the presence of medical facilities exhibited a significant promotion effect on the non-agricultural livelihoods of the relocated farmers. For poor relocated households, convenient transportation facilities facilitated the pursuit of non-agricultural livelihoods such as migrant work. However, industrial support, employment support, or training had no statistically significant effects on all relocated households or poor relocated households. The number of family laborers and communication costs were significant promoting influences for all relocated households and poor relocated households to engage in part-time and non-agricultural livelihoods. There was a certain impact of relocation time on livelihood choice for the relocated farmers, but there was no significant impact for poor relocated households. Based on these findings, the following suggestions are proposed. Supporting industries should be provided and industrial transformation and upgrading efforts should be strengthened during the application of the Urban Resettlement Model to create job opportunities for relocated people. Additionally, enhanced construction of basic infrastructure, including transportation, medical care, and communication systems is required. The results of this work should facilitate the effective improvement of administration of the ecological resettlement environmental protection policy system.

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Section: Impact Mechanism Of Urban Resettlement Model On Livelihoods mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

et al. 2020

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“…Meanwhile, as one of China's flagship programs in poverty alleviation [13], PAR provides widespread opportunities and new ideas for addressing environmental and poverty-related concerns in a rapidly changing world [14]. Through this nationwide initiative, the government aims to improve the living standards, incomes, and the access to infrastructure and services by poor rural people living in areas deemed unable to support sustainable livelihoods [15]. A typical PAR project involves relocating the rural poor away from their original home to a centralized resettlement site, with better facilities and a more accessible location [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study, for example, suggests that the PAR generally achieves the goals of ecosystem service increase and livelihood restoration by improving water quality, sediment retention, and carbon sequestration, as well as transforming farmers' livelihood activities from traditional inefficient agricultural and forest production to non-farm activities [14]. Furthermore, the different types of spatial restructuring are an important factor shaping the outcome of poverty alleviation resettlement [15]. Poverty alleviation resettlement is not unique to China [15] in fact, many developing countries consider resettlement as an effective way of eradicating stubborn poverty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement on Rural Household Livelihood Vulnerability in the Western Mountainous Areas, China

Liu

2018

Sustainability

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Poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) is China's largest-ever resettlement program and one of China's flagship poverty alleviation initiatives. Resorting to this state-led conversation and development program, the central and provincial governments aim to lift the poor out of the poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods, by delivering improvements in housing conditions, infrastructure services, public amenities, and living standards. Taking Ankang as an example, this study examines the PAR from the perspective of vulnerability through a household survey conducted in Ankang prefecture of Shaanxi province, China. A total of six townships in Ankang are covered, with 657 valid questionnaires collected. This study shows that there is a difference in exposure, sensitivity, and the adaptive capacity of rural households with different relocation characteristics, hence generating different livelihood vulnerabilities. The PAR generally achieves the target of livelihood vulnerability reduction. Specifically, the project-induced relocation has a significant positive effect on vulnerability, but there is a significant negative correlation between livelihood vulnerability and relocation region, relocation time, and relocation subsidy. Challenges and problems remain to be addressed for the next phases of the PAR, including diminishing the financial burden on those relocated and providing free public transportation services, carrying out community-building programs and updating the household registration institution, balancing the redistribution and sharing of farmland, furnishing assistance measures for employment searches and training in specific skills, and creating an impartial project to safeguard the non-movers from the significant negative impacts on their physical and spiritual dimensions.

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“…In past poverty resettlement projects, households have received 11 000 RMB (Shanxi) and 25 000 RMB (Shaanxi), while the average cost of resettlement is 79 000 RMB per household (Lo et al, 2016). their purpose is to assist poor people, not to displace poor people in the way of mega-projects.…”

Section: Project Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But if they are truly conceived of as a development opportunity, the funding available to households is not sufficient: households can be left in severe debt as they struggle to raise the resources needed to rebuild their livelihoods. In past poverty resettlement projects, households have received 11 000 RMB (Shanxi) and 25 000 RMB (Shaanxi), while the average cost of resettlement is 79 000 RMB per household (Lo et al, 2016). Earlier projects gave as little as 5000 RMB (Rogers and Xue, 2015).…”

Section: Project Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planned resettlement to avoid climatic hazards: What prospects for just outcomes in China?

Wilmsen

Rogers

2019

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Planned resettlement is being widely considered as a response to the impacts of climate change.As many millions of people are expected to be displaced in the coming decades, scholars and policymakers are searching for precedence to inform their research and planning, particularly from experiences of Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement (DIDR). Nowhere in the world is DIDR and other closely related forms of planned resettlement more prevalent than in China: an estimated 78 million people have been displaced by development projects over the last six decades. While planned resettlement has consistently been shown to cause impoverishment, the Chinese state views it as the answer to a multitude of social ills including poverty, environmental damage, low levels of domestic consumption, and most recently, climate change, providing impetus to the normalisation of resettlement as adaptation. This paper examines the prospects for just outcomes in resettlement projects by examining distributive justice at multiple scales in existing resettlement practice in China. It finds that due to the interplay between resettlement and questions of procedural justice, prospects for just outcomes are quite limited, and that in order to achieve fair adaptation, alternatives to planned resettlement should be emphasised.

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Spatial restructuring through poverty alleviation resettlement in rural China

Cited by 141 publications

References 53 publications

Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

Improvement in the Poverty Status of Ecological Migrants under the Urban Resettlement Model: An Empirical Study in China

The Influence of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement on Rural Household Livelihood Vulnerability in the Western Mountainous Areas, China

Planned resettlement to avoid climatic hazards: What prospects for just outcomes in China?

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