Spatial representativity of the possible sites for measuring the water balance of apricot trees

Plana, V.; Ruiz, Arturo Rojo; Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C.; Franco, J.A.; Abrisqueta, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(02)00074-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Experiments were conducted at a commercial mature apricot tree orchard under drip irrigation conditions (Abrisqueta et al, 2001;Plana et al, 2002). The soil was a Xeric torriorthent (Soil Taxonomy) with a loam texture (4% coarse sand, 28% fine sand, 44% silt and 24% clay) according to the USDA (1979).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed and undisturbed loam soil

Abrisqueta

Plana

Ruiz-Canales

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

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The soil water content-pressure head curve [q(h)], described by van Genuchten, was used to predict some hydraulic characteristics of a Xeric torriorthent soil. Experimental data of volumetric soil water content (q) and pressure head (h) were adjusted to the model, obtaining the three independent parameters used to calculate the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and soil water diffusivity (D). The K(q) functions for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were statistically different pointing to the effect of soil structure on soil water flow. For soil moisture values close to saturation, K values were ³ 0.392 and ³ 0.019 cm h -1 , for undisturbed and disturbed soils, respectively. These low values would reflect the loam texture of the soil studied. In absence of roots capable of absorbing water, a supply of more than 4 L m -2 h -1 will lead to water-logging and losses through evaporation and runoff.Additional key words: Mualem model, soil water diffusivity, soil water retention curve, van Genuchten model. Resumen Conductividad hidráulica insaturada de un suelo franco alterado e inalteradoSe ha empleado la curva carga de presión-humedad del suelo [q(h)], descrita por van Genuchten, para predecir algunas características de un suelo Xeric torriorthent. Los datos experimentales se ajustaron al modelo, obteniéndose los parámetros que se han usado para calcular la conductividad hidráulica insaturada (K) y la difusividad del agua en el suelo (D). La existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las funciones K(q) para muestras de suelo alteradas y no alteradas, muestra el efecto de la estructura del suelo sobre el flujo de agua. Para valores de humedad del suelo próximos a la saturación, se han obtenido valores de K ³ 0,392 y ³ 0,019 cm h -1 , para muestras de suelo no alterado y alterado respectivamente. Por tanto, en ausencia de raíces capaces de absorber agua, un aporte hídrico superior a 4 L m -2 h -1 , producirá encharcamiento, pérdidas por evaporación y escorrentía.Palabras clave adicionales: curva de retención de agua en el suelo, difusividad del agua en el suelo, modelo de Mualem, modelo de van Genutchen

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed and undisturbed loam soil

Abrisqueta

Plana

Ruiz-Canales

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…These samples were taken immediately after removing the disk infiltrometer and contact material. Measurements were made at four sites with average textural characteristics for each tillage treatment, as indicated by Plana et al (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tillage and water pressure head on the hydraulic properties of a loamy soil surface

Abrisqueta

Plana

Franco

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

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The effect of different tillage practices on soil hydraulic properties was studied in a mature, drip irrigated apricot orchard with a 7% slope, in Murcia (SE Spain). The soil had a loamy texture. Three soil tillage treatments were applied between the rows of trees: 1) control treatment (non-tilled, although weeds were cut to ground level using a blade attached to a tractor following the common practice of the area), 2) perforation treatment, in which soil surface was mechanically perforated with an adapted plough, and 3) mini-catchment treatment, in which small banks were manually raised perpendicular to the line of emitters. The perforation and mini-catchment treatments increased the infiltration of water into the soil surface: the hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were higher than those of the control treatment. Both tillage treatments were designed to prevent runoff and both increased rainwater penetration of the soil. They may therefore be useful as part of water management strategies in semiarid areas with scarce water resources, such as Mediterranean countries. The process of infiltration appears to be controlled more by gravity than by capillary forces since the values for time related to gravity were small. Additional key words: disk infiltrometers, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, pore size, sorptivity, time related to gravity. ResumenEfecto del laboreo y la carga hidráulica sobre las propiedades hidráulicas de la superficie de un suelo franco Se estudió la variación de las propiedades hidráulicas del suelo en una parcela situada en Murcia (SE de España), con un suelo franco y una pendiente del 7%, que soporta un cultivo adulto de albaricoque en riego por goteo, en función de diferentes labores practicadas en el mismo. Se realizaron tres tratamientos de suelo entre filas de árboles: tratamiento control (sin labor), siguiendo la práctica normal de la zona, eliminando la flora arvense mediante el paso de cuchillas arrastradas por un tractor; tratamiento ahoyado, por el cual se perforó el suelo mediante un apero diseñado a tal efecto; y tratamiento minicuencas, que consiste en levantar caballones perpendicularmente a las líneas de goteros. Los tratamientos minicuencas y ahoyado fueron realizados con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de infiltración del agua en los momentos en que se produjeran eventos de lluvia. Ambos tratamientos incrementaron la infiltración del suelo, tal y como indican los mayores valores de conductividad hidráulica y sorptividad con respecto al tratamiento control. Por otro lado, el proceso de infiltración está controlado en mayor medida por la fuerza de gravedad que por las fuerzas capilares, dado que los tiempos gravimétricos hallados son pequeños.Palabras clave adicionales: conductividad hidráulica, infiltración, infiltrómetros de disco, sorptividad, tamaño de poro, tiempo gravimétrico.

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“…4300) that had been previously calibrated for the site. Two trees of each soil tillage treatment, selected from areas of mean textural characteristics, as indicated in Plana et al (2002), were equipped with three 1.4 m access tubes located perpendicularly to the drip line in the second emitter from the tree trunk. Tube 1 was located besides the emitter, and tubes 2 and 3 were located 1.25 and 2.5 m, respectively from the drip line.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial root distribution of apricot trees in different soil tillage practices

et al. 2005

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Root and soil water distribution was studied in a mature drip-irrigated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Bu´lida) orchard with different soil tillage practices, in a loamy textured soil with a 7% slope, located in Murcia (SE Spain). Three treatments were applied between tree rows: control (no-tillage), whereby, following the common practice in the area, weeds were cut back to ground level by a blade attached to a tractor; perforated treatment, where the soil surface was mechanically perforated with an adaptedplough; and mini-catchment treatment, consisting of mini-catchments with low banks manually raised perpendicular to the line of emitters. Almost all of the apricot root system was located in the first 0.75 m of soil depth, with 91% in the first 0.50 m. More than 75% of the roots corresponded to thin roots, with a diameter less than 0.2 mm. Both tillage treatments decreased runoff compared with the control treatment, while the mini-catchment treatment showed the highest change in soil water content after rainfall events. The mini-catchment treatment was performed in an attempt to reduce the rainwater running down the slope, leaving the accumulated water near plant roots, an effect which was responsible for the higher root length density (RLD) values found in this treatment. In addition, roots were distributed over a wider area, providing higher RLD values up to 1 m from the emitter, meaning that a higher soil volume was explored. For these reasons, the mini-catchment treatment was seen to be the most beneficial soil tillage treatment for optimising water use in semiarid conditions.

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Spatial representativity of the possible sites for measuring the water balance of apricot trees

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed and undisturbed loam soil

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of disturbed and undisturbed loam soil

Effect of tillage and water pressure head on the hydraulic properties of a loamy soil surface

Spatial root distribution of apricot trees in different soil tillage practices

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