Spatial Relationship between the Nucleolus and the Nuclear Envelope: Structural Aspects and Functional Significance

Bourgeois, Claire A.; Hubert, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61730-1

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…What targets HSA21 to the nuclear periphery is unclear. Nucleoli, when internally located in the nucleus, have been shown to be in contact with nuclear membrane convolutions (Bourgeois and Hubert, 1988). Thus, one possibility is that HSA21 contains both nucleolar and nuclear membrane anchoring sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance between homologous chromosomes results from chromosome positioning constraints

Heride

Ricoul

Kiêu

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryThe organization of chromosomes is important for various biological processes and is involved in the formation of rearrangements often observed in cancer. In mammals, chromosomes are organized in territories that are radially positioned in the nucleus. However, it remains unclear whether chromosomes are organized relative to each other. Here, we examine the nuclear arrangement of 10 chromosomes in human epithelial cancer cells by three-dimensional FISH analysis. We show that their radial position correlates with the ratio of their gene density to chromosome size. We also observe that inter-homologue distances are generally larger than interheterologue distances. Using numerical simulations taking radial position constraints into account, we demonstrate that, for some chromosomes, radial position is enough to justify the inter-homologue distance, whereas for others additional constraints are involved. Among these constraints, we propose that nucleolar organizer regions participate in the internal positioning of the acrocentric chromosome HSA21, possibly through interactions with nucleoli. Maintaining distance between homologous chromosomes in human cells could participate in regulating genome stability and gene expression, both mechanisms that are key players in tumorigenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance between homologous chromosomes results from chromosome positioning constraints

Heride

Ricoul

Kiêu

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

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“…However, the very reason for the existence of the nucleolus remains an enigma, except that it is known to be an organelle of ribosome biogenesis (35,36). The nucleolus is not an isolated floating organelle in the nucleoplasm, but it is anchored to skeletal structural elements of interphase chromosomes associated with the nuclear envelope, or it is in contact with the nuclear envelope, in actively growing eukaryotic cells (7,36). These chromosomes contain rRNA genes (nucleolus organizer region).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is tempting to hypothesize that the nucleolus is involved in the export of unspliced mRNA. The transport of nucleolar material toward the cytoplasm is suggested by the proximity of the nucleoli to the nuclear envelope (7). The idea that the nucleolus may be involved in transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, not only of the RNA made in the nucleolus, but also of the RNA made in nucleoplasm, was proposed by Harris and colleagues in 1969, based on their experiments in which reactivation of chicken erythrocyte nucleus in the heterokaryon or inactivation of the nucleolus in HeLa cells was carried out (8)(9)(10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nucleolar targeting signal of human T-cell leukemia virus type I rex-encoded protein is essential for cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced viral mRNA.

Nosaka

Siomi

Adachi

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The posttranscriptional regulator (rex) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is known to be located predominantly in the cell nucleolus and to induce the accumulation of gag and env viral mRNAs. The N-terminal 19 amino acids of rex-encoded protein (Rex) has been shown to be sufficient to direct hybrid proteins to the cell nucleolus. We have studied the function of the nucleolar targeting signal (NOS) of rex by using full-length proviral DNA and mutant rex expression plasmids.

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“…It lacks the obvious subcompartmentalization typically observed in nucleoli of higher eukaryotic cells and is much more extensively in contact with the nuclear envelope. Nevertheless, it appears functionally comparable to the mammalian cell nucleolus in that it is the compartment for ribosomal subunit assembly (for review see Busch and Smetana, 1970;Goessens, 1984;Bourgeois and Hubert, 1988;Warner, 1989;Scheer and Benavente, 1990;Hurt et al, 1992;Scheer et al, 1993).…”

Section: Nucleoplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA transport in yeast: time to reinvestigate the functions of the nucleolus.

Schneiter

Kadowaki

Tartakoff

1995

MBoC

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Nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA is vital to gene expression and may prove to be key to its regulation. Genetic approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have led to the identification of conditional mutants defective in mRNA transport. Mutations in approximately two dozen genes result in accumulation of transcripts, trapped at various sites in the nucleus, as detected by in situ hybridization. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of many of these mRNA transport mutants suggest that, in yeast, the function of the nucleus is not limited to the biogenesis of pre-ribosomes but may also be important for transport of poly(A)+ RNA. A similar function of the animal cell nucleolus is suggested by several observations.

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Spatial Relationship between the Nucleolus and the Nuclear Envelope: Structural Aspects and Functional Significance

Cited by 48 publications

References 180 publications

Distance between homologous chromosomes results from chromosome positioning constraints

Distance between homologous chromosomes results from chromosome positioning constraints

Nucleolar targeting signal of human T-cell leukemia virus type I rex-encoded protein is essential for cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced viral mRNA.

mRNA transport in yeast: time to reinvestigate the functions of the nucleolus.

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