“…The structural plane derives the complex properties such as anisotropy and heterogeneity of the surrounding rock, which makes the mechanical behavior of the rock mass much more complex than that of general homogeneous, continuous and isotropic materials (Jin et al, 2014;Xia et al, 2020;Lei et al, 2023;Chen et al, 2024;Zhao et al, 2024a;Zhao et al, 2024b). In essence, the fracture of the CJB is a three-dimensional evolutionary process (Feng et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021;Deng et al, 2023). To fully understand the mechanical property of rock fracture, highprecision microseismic (MS) monitoring technology is introduced into underground caverns to monitor the fracture process of the CJB (Chen et al, 2014;Han et al, 2023).…”