Spatial Prediction of Heavy Metal Pollution for Soils in Peri-Urban Beijing, China Based on Fuzzy Set Theory

Role of Plant Leaves in Removing Airborne Dust and Associated Metals on Beijing Roadsides

“…Another study on the surrounding soil of Daxing district, a suburb of Beijing, measured Cd concentration as 0.16 µg g -1 (Tan et al, 2006), which is lower than those in both leaf dust in this study and in the roadside soil of Beijing in the previous study, presumably due to less traffic in the suburban area. Heavier Cd pollution in traffic area of Beijing was also reported in previous study, in which 127 urban soil samples collected from six areas in Beijing, indicating that Cd was mainly from traffic sources (Xia et al, 2011).…”

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments of the Fenghe River by the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model and Multivariate Statistical Methods

“…In fluvial environments, sediments from the river function as a medium for aquatic flora and fauna to grow or as a pool to dispose of hazardous metals, as well as a pollutant reservoir for the surface water, groundwater and plants (Varol, 2011;Grygar et al, 2013). Metal pollution is of great concern due to their abundance, persistence, and toxicity in the aquatic environment (Tan et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2014). High levels of sediment metals may impose a persistent burden on the natural growth of aquatic flora and fauna, cause the deterioration of water quality, and impair human health through the food chains (Yang et al, 2009;Zeng and Wu, 2009).…”

“…To address this problem, fuzzy theory is introduced to assess and classify pollution degree of heavy metals (Lourenço et al, 2010). Based on membership functions, it is proved to be useful to settle the fuzzy characteristics of metal pollution degree with a gradual change from light to heavy (Tan et al, 2006).…”

Determination of Cr, Zn, As and Pb in Soil by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Based on a Partial Least Square Regression Model

“…3,4 Heavy metals in soil can be measured by several conventional analytical techniques including electro-chemical methods, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic techniques etc. Especially, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) have been the official reference methods, preceded by time-consuming acid digestions which are also subject to possible contamination to sample and additional pollution to laboratory environment.…”