Spatial positioning of individuals in a group of feral horses: a case study using drone technology

Inoue, Sota; Yamamoto, Shinya; Ringhofer, Monamie; Mendonça, Renata S.; Pereira, Carlos Augusto; Hirata, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/s13364-018-0400-2

Cited by 38 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…When correcting for kinship in the present study, a positive correlation between proximity and mutual grooming was found. This discovery corroborates a previous report stating that proximity is correlated with mutual grooming between pairs of horses in the Serra d'Arga Mountain of Portugal [54].…”

Section: Mutual Grooming and Affiliative Relationships Between Horsessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The aforementioned hypotheses must be tested on multiple herds and in longer-term observations of Misaki and other feral horses worldwide and can be extrapolated to understand behavioral stereotypies in horses in intensive production systems. The findings of this study suggest that comparisons between horses and other taxa, such as primates, may effectively elucidate the mechanisms by which interactions between group members maintain and strengthen their social relationships [15,54,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd

Shimada

Suzuki

2020

Animals

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Although herd size, structure, stability, and social rank among Misaki feral horses have been reported, no studies have been conducted on the affiliative relationships and interactions among members in a Misaki horse herd. The validity of three hypotheses regarding the function of social grooming, the affiliative relationship strengthening hypothesis, the worsened relationship restoring hypothesis, and the grooming parasite removal hypothesis, were tested in a Misaki feral horse (Equus caballus) herd in Cape Toi, Japan. All the nine horses in the “6m” herd were investigated in terms of kinship, grooming, aggression, proximity, social rank, and social network. Mutual grooming occurred only in pairs and was almost perfectly symmetrical. For each member, there was a significant negative correlation between total grooming received from other individuals and self-grooming. Controlling for kinship, there were significant positive partial correlations between mutual grooming and proximity and between aggression and proximity. No correlation was observed between aggression and mutual grooming. The results suggest that mutual grooming symmetry may contribute that both participants simultaneously benefit from parasite removal and strengthen affiliative relationships between seasonally changing herd members; however, mutual grooming did not foster restoring the worsened relationship following aggression promoted by physical proximity. The findings of this study may elucidate the mechanisms by which interactions between herd members are maintained or strengthened.

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Section: Mutual Grooming and Affiliative Relationships Between Horsessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd

Shimada

Suzuki

2020

Animals

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“…Secondly, the nearest neighbour tended to be located to the right front of a target individual more frequently than to the left front, although this trend was not significant. Thirdly, the nearest neighbour was less frequently located behind a target individual, which is consistent with a previous study (Inoue et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…there was 30 min between two consecutive still images). The distortion of the camera lens was corrected using the lens filter function in Photoshop CC (Adobe Systems incorporated) (Inoue et al, ). The drone took off 10–50 m away from the horses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral position preference in grazing feral horses

et al. 2019

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Behavioural lateralisation is an effective way for animals to manage daily tasks by specialising behaviour to either side of the body. Many types of lateralisation are linked to the function of each brain hemisphere. Lateralisation of monitoring behaviour in mother–infant relationships occurs in a wide range of mammals, where infants frequently use their left eye to monitor their mother. However, few studies have focused on this type of spatial relationships among adults in daily life, such as during foraging. The present study focused on monitoring adult feral horse behaviour using quantitative analysis of spatial relationships, using drone technology. We found that horses form a localised spatial relationship with their nearest neighbour. Specifically, the nearest neighbour was located to the left rear of a target individual significantly more frequently than to the right rear. Furthermore, the nearest neighbour was less frequently located behind a target individual. We propose that this relationship is caused by a left‐eye preference, because information via the left eye predominantly proceeds to the right hemisphere, which is dominant for social processing.

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“…Highly coordinated collective motion is a cornerstone of many biological systems at all scales, from cell colonies [1,2] to insect swarms [3][4][5][6], fish schools [7,8], bird flocks [9][10][11], ungulate herds [12][13][14], and even human crowds [15,16]. Moving together in large groups and using social information can provide numerous benefits, including enhanced predator avoidance [17][18][19], more efficient resource exploitation [20,21], energy savings [22][23][24] and efficient learning of migration routes [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local interactions and their group-level consequences in flocking jackdaws

et al. 2019

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As one of nature's most striking examples of collective behaviour, bird flocks have attracted extensive research. However, we still lack an understanding of the attractive and repulsive forces that govern interactions between individuals within flocks and how these forces influence neighbours' relative positions and ultimately determine the shape of flocks. We address these issues by analysing the three-dimensional movements of wild jackdaws ( Corvus monedula ) in flocks containing 2–338 individuals. We quantify the social interaction forces in large, airborne flocks and find that these forces are highly anisotropic. The long-range attraction in the direction perpendicular to the movement direction is stronger than that along it, and the short-range repulsion is generated mainly by turning rather than changing speed. We explain this phenomenon by considering wingbeat frequency and the change in kinetic and gravitational potential energy during flight, and find that changing the direction of movement is less energetically costly than adjusting speed for birds. Furthermore, our data show that collision avoidance by turning can alter local neighbour distributions and ultimately change the group shape. Our results illustrate the macroscopic consequences of anisotropic interaction forces in bird flocks, and help to draw links between group structure, local interactions and the biophysics of animal locomotion.

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Spatial positioning of individuals in a group of feral horses: a case study using drone technology

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd

The Contribution of Mutual Grooming to Affiliative Relationships in a Feral Misaki Horse Herd

Lateral position preference in grazing feral horses

Local interactions and their group-level consequences in flocking jackdaws

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