Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America

Earl, Chandra; Belitz, Michael W.; Laffan, Shawn W.; Barve, Vijay; Barve, Narayani; Soltis, Douglas E.; Allen, Julie M.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Mishler, Brent D.; Kawahara, Akito Y.; Guralnick, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102239

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Similar distributions have been recorded in other aquatic insects, including stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera), in which two clearly distinct components within the Nearctic fauna are observed: one in the east and one in the west [66][67][68]. The pattern is the opposite for butterflies and bumblebees, which do not depend on aquatic habitats and have the highest species richness in the western Nearctic [36,69], a mountainous region where plant diversity is also the highest [70].…”

Section: General Diversity Patternssupporting

confidence: 64%

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Diversity of Nearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

et al. 2022

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Rarely have studies assessed Odonata diversity for the entire Nearctic realm by including Canada, the United States, and Mexico. For the first time, we explored Odonata diversity in this region according to a definition of natural community assemblages and generated species distribution models (SDMs). Species occurrence data were assembled by reviewing databases of specimens held by significant Odonata repositories and through an extensive search of literature references. Species were categorized as forest-dependent or non-forest-dependent, as lentic or lotic-dependent, and according to conservation status. Predicted distributions were stacked for all species across their entire ranges, including areas outside of the Nearctic. Species richness and corrected weighted endemism (CWE) were then calculated for each grid cell. We found a pattern of greater species richness in the eastern portion of the Nearctic, which can be explained by the higher aquatic habitat diversity at micro and macroscales east of the Rocky Mountains, promoting niche partitioning and specialization. In the Nearctic region, the southeastern US has the highest number of endemic species of dragonflies and damselflies; this degree of endemism is likely due to glacial refuges providing a foundation for the evolution of a rich and unique biota.

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Section: General Diversity Patternssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…While we only included species from the Nearctic, occurrences for those species with ranges outside the realm were included in our downstream modeling steps. Full species ranges are particularly critical for appropriately determining endemism and conservation status [36].…”

Section: Species Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Nearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

et al. 2022

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“…These techniques are generally based on variance analysis and linear regression models for estimating the correlation between input (independent) and output (dependent) variables. Although these approaches are highly effective, lack of efficacy of complex and nonlinear inputs ( Hesami and Jones, 2021 ; Earl et al, 2021 ) and high probability ( Abbasi et al, 2016 ; Jamshidi et al, 2016 ; Farhadi et al, 2020 ) are the major concerns in plant tissue culture studies due to the sensitivity. These types of issues can be overcome by modern high throughput technologies like machine learning (ML) and artificial neural network (ANN) models for testing and optimizing the output variables concerning the input parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation in the Breeding of Common Bean Through a Combined Approach of in vitro Regeneration and Machine Learning Algorithms

et al. 2022

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Common bean is considered a recalcitrant crop for in vitro regeneration and needs a repeatable and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for its improvement through biotechnological approaches. In this study, the establishment of efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration followed by predicting and optimizing through machine learning (ML) models, such as artificial neural network algorithms, was performed. Mature embryos of common bean were pretreated with 5, 10, and 20 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 20 days followed by isolation of plumular apice for in vitro regeneration and cultured on a post-treatment medium containing 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 1.50 mg/L BAP for 8 weeks. Plumular apice explants pretreated with 20 mg/L BAP exerted a negative impact and resulted in minimum shoot regeneration frequency and shoot count, but produced longer shoots. All output variables (shoot regeneration frequency, shoot counts, and shoot length) increased significantly with the enhancement of BAP concentration in the post-treatment medium. Interaction of the pretreatment × post-treatment medium revealed the need for a specific combination for inducing a high shoot regeneration frequency. Higher shoot count and shoot length were achieved from the interaction of 5 mg/L BAP × 1.00 mg/L BAP followed by 10 mg/L BAP × 1.50 mg/L BAP and 20 mg/L BAP × 1.50 mg/L BAP. The evaluation of data through ML models revealed that R2 values ranged from 0.32 to 0.58 (regeneration), 0.01 to 0.22 (shoot counts), and 0.18 to 0.48 (shoot length). On the other hand, the mean squared error values ranged from 0.0596 to 0.0965 for shoot regeneration, 0.0327 to 0.0412 for shoot count, and 0.0258 to 0.0404 for shoot length from all ML models. Among the utilized models, the multilayer perceptron model provided a better prediction and optimization for all output variables, compared to other models. The achieved results can be employed for the prediction and optimization of plant tissue culture protocols used for biotechnological approaches in a breeding program of common beans.

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“…Species range map data were derived from published field guides on North American butterfly species, including The Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America (Brock & Kaufman 2006) and A Swift Guide to Butterflies of Mexico and Central America (Glassberg 2018). The range maps were digitized as part of work by Earl et al (2021) and were re-used here. Range-wide average annual temperature and precipitation traits were extracted from each species' range averaging conditions over each polygon using the WorldClim2/BioClim dataset (representing average climatic conditions from 1970-2000) (Fick & Hijmans, 2017).…”

Section: Species Range Trait Phylogeny and Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of shifting Arctic and boreal butterfly communities in North America

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Guralnick

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global climate change has been identified as a major driver of observed insect declines, yet in many regions there are critical knowledge gaps for how communities are responding to climate. Poleward regions are of particular interest because warming is most rapid while biodiversity data are most sparse. Building on recent advances in occupancy modeling of presence-only data, we reconstructed 50 years (1970-2019) of butterfly population trends in response to rising minimum temperatures in one of the most under sampled regions of the continent. Among 90 modeled species, we found that cold-adapted species are far more often in decline compared to their warm-adapted, more southerly distributed counterparts. Further, in a post-hoc analysis using species' traits, we find that species' range-wide average annual temperature and wingspan are a consistent predictor of occupancy changes. Species with warmer ranges and larger wingspans were most likely to be increasing in occupancy. Our results provide the first look at macroscale butterfly biodiversity shifts in a critically under sampled region of North America. Further, these results highlight the potential of leveraging the wealth of presence only data, the most abundant source of historical insect biodiversity. New approaches to the modeling of presence only data will match recent increases in community science participation with sparse historical records to reconstruct trends even in poorly sampled regions.

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Spatial phylogenetics of butterflies in relation to environmental drivers and angiosperm diversity across North America

Cited by 30 publications

References 96 publications

Diversity of Nearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

Diversity of Nearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

Innovation in the Breeding of Common Bean Through a Combined Approach of in vitro Regeneration and Machine Learning Algorithms

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of shifting Arctic and boreal butterfly communities in North America

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