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Abstract:Comparing the settlement patterns of two cohorts of international movers (2001-2006 and 2010-2011) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, highlights the relationships between the settlement choices and actions of immigrant residents, and the economic, social, and built environmental conditions in place. Data from the Canadian census are analyzed through a spatial lag negative binomial regression model with results interpreted through a relational incorporation framework. Findings raise doubts about the connection between sp… Show more
“…In this sense, there is also a need to understand the ways in which LRs as policy decisions are interpreted and represented in local contexts, and how these specific policy decisions shape broader immigrant regularization policy deliberations and decisions. At the same time, it would be interesting to consider other types of policymaking behaviors, beyond LRs, that also target immigrant communities in migrant-receiving societies, such as overcrowding housing ordinances, which are targeted at addressing housing strategies used by migrants to help promote integration into receiving countries and communities (Simpson, 2017). Although these issues are among the many that warrant further investigation, insights from this study lead to the conclusion that county governments are particularly active in immigration policymaking in the United States, and that sociopolitical factors may be more influential in driving these decisions than the real impact of migrants on socioeconomic conditions.…”
While immigration policymaking has traditionally been the sole prerogative of nation states, research has documented increased instances of migration policymaking at sub-national levels across migrant-receiving societies. This paper examines the temporally and spatially distinctive dynamics that underscore the adoption of these policies at the county level in the United States. The study considers the implementation of migrant labor market regularizations (LRs) for the time period 2004–2014. LRs are defined as discrete arenas of policymaking at the sub-national level that affect aspects of migrant workers’ status in labor markets and include laws and ordinances related to: anti-solicitation, language access, local enforcement of federal immigration law, and employment verification. Utilizing a multilevel event histories model, we analyze data from a unique dataset of over 5000 LR policies across 2959 counties in the United States, and address two research questions: (1) What are the social, economic, and political factors that influence the adoption of LRs by counties and municipalities in the United States; and (2) do policy adoption trends that occurred during 2004–2014 indicate a unique type of diffusion pattern? We find that the adoption of LRs by county governments are influenced by the racialization of immigration discourse and by policy behaviors at the municipal and state government levels, while economic characteristics of the local labor market and perceived ethnic competition from migrants have little direct impact on the probability of policy adoption.
“…In this sense, there is also a need to understand the ways in which LRs as policy decisions are interpreted and represented in local contexts, and how these specific policy decisions shape broader immigrant regularization policy deliberations and decisions. At the same time, it would be interesting to consider other types of policymaking behaviors, beyond LRs, that also target immigrant communities in migrant-receiving societies, such as overcrowding housing ordinances, which are targeted at addressing housing strategies used by migrants to help promote integration into receiving countries and communities (Simpson, 2017). Although these issues are among the many that warrant further investigation, insights from this study lead to the conclusion that county governments are particularly active in immigration policymaking in the United States, and that sociopolitical factors may be more influential in driving these decisions than the real impact of migrants on socioeconomic conditions.…”
While immigration policymaking has traditionally been the sole prerogative of nation states, research has documented increased instances of migration policymaking at sub-national levels across migrant-receiving societies. This paper examines the temporally and spatially distinctive dynamics that underscore the adoption of these policies at the county level in the United States. The study considers the implementation of migrant labor market regularizations (LRs) for the time period 2004–2014. LRs are defined as discrete arenas of policymaking at the sub-national level that affect aspects of migrant workers’ status in labor markets and include laws and ordinances related to: anti-solicitation, language access, local enforcement of federal immigration law, and employment verification. Utilizing a multilevel event histories model, we analyze data from a unique dataset of over 5000 LR policies across 2959 counties in the United States, and address two research questions: (1) What are the social, economic, and political factors that influence the adoption of LRs by counties and municipalities in the United States; and (2) do policy adoption trends that occurred during 2004–2014 indicate a unique type of diffusion pattern? We find that the adoption of LRs by county governments are influenced by the racialization of immigration discourse and by policy behaviors at the municipal and state government levels, while economic characteristics of the local labor market and perceived ethnic competition from migrants have little direct impact on the probability of policy adoption.
“…Many stress the potential ‘liminal’ effect of the temporary/seasonal work and on‐site accommodation: though actual evidence of migrants’ upward mobility from initial harvest employment is rare (Papadopoulos, 2009; Scott et al., n.d. ; Simpson, 2017). In the US context, where there is most research, Martin (2002, p. 1141) notes that: First generation immigrants pick fruits and vegetables seasonally as needed for about 10 years.…”
Section: A Liminal State?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Aside from the precarious working environment, there is the added phenomenon of many farmworkers living on‐site in tied housing provided by the employer (Perry, 2018). These on‐site lives are all‐too‐often invisible to established residents in NIDs and, along with precarious employment, help make integration into the surrounding communities extremely difficult, if not impossible (Simpson, 2017).…”
This article argues that many low‐wage migrants moving to work in rural areas of the developed world end up in very specific and precarious employment and housing contexts: working in temporary/seasonal jobs within horticultural labour markets and often living in employer‐provided tied accommodation. This context—which we profile by drawing on qualitative case study evidence from Norway, the UK and the US—makes integration virtually impossible. It is only after moving on from precarious temporary/seasonal work and out from tied accommodation that rural integration becomes viable. Yet even then, the integration of these workers is often limited. Migrants are largely ‘quarantined’ and separate and invisible from the host society. Not surprisingly, migrants tend to treat their lack of rural integration as ‘liminal’, that is, a temporary and in‐between life stage. They also engage in ‘transnational simultaneity’ by maintaining family/communal relations back home, whilst focusing largely on work in the host country. This liminality and transnational simultaneity help working‐class migrants survive their quarantined lives.
“…These moments of comingling offer room for manoeuvre for migrants to respond to the broader economic, political, and social forces, which influence their socio‐economic incorporation. Simpson's () contribution considers the ways in which immigrant workers in Manitoba, Canada, leverage multifamily housing arrangements as a strategy to mitigate challenges and failures they encounter in the labour and housing markets. Simpson argues that informal housing strategies utilised by migrants may serve as economic strategies that help produce new socio‐spatial arrangements capable of reducing the costs of integration and may offer a means to support the participation of immigrant communities in formalised labour market institutions and processes.…”
Section: Making Room For Manoeuvre: the State Market And Social Promentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Guarnizo () considers further how the relationship between employer and worker influence the experience and facets of informality in the context of the work arrangement. Simpson () points to the ways in which relationships between power and spatial production confronting migrants in the labour market are embedded within and react to broader social processes and conditions by examining informal housing strategies utilised by migrants. The piece shows how these strategies can potentially mitigate housing challenges and, in turn, provide opportunities to migrants in the labour market.…”
Dominant scholarly and policy discourse implicitly connect growth in immigration to growth in the informal economy and negative socio-economic outcomes in post-industrial societies. In this introduction, we highlight some of the broader questions and implications raised by the multidisciplinary work of our contributors that challenge this immigrationinformality hypothesis. We argue that existing studies of the informal economy in postindustrial societies underscore the multiscalar economic, social, and political facets and dimensions that shape the intersection between migration and the spread of informal economic practices in the global north. However, this body of work does not adequately connect the ways in which these processes influence immigrants' economic and labour market integration. The contributions to this special issue focus on these dimensions seeking to identify how they are constructed and the opportunities, challenges, and possibilities they present for migrant workers and migrantreceiving societies. Collectively, the contributions challenge dominant narratives surrounding the relationship between migration and the informal economy and contribute to theorise them as co-constituted at multiscalar relational processes.
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