Spatial patterns of bird community similarity: bird responses to landscape composition and configuration in the Atlantic forest

Zurita, Gustavo A.; Bellocq, M. Isabel

doi:10.1007/s10980-009-9410-4

Cited by 63 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We fitted SAR and SFAR to data on the occurrence of specialist subtropical forest bird species in 48 landscapes of 100 km 2 each in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil (35). The cover of native forest ranged from 5% to 100% and the number of specialist forest bird species from 1 to 38 species per Table S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A grid of 10-×10-km Universal Transverse Mercator Landsat cells was overlaid on the 18,000-km 2 study area in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil (35). We selected 48 grid cells (landscapes) to represent a range of native forest cover, which varied from 5% to 100% among the landscapes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more details on the landscape setting see ref. 35. We established 20 bird point counts in each landscape, for a total of 960 point counts in the 48 landscapes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematical models (29)(30)(31)(32)) and a suite of empirical studies (22,(33)(34)(35) have demonstrated an extinction threshold in the occurrence of species living in fragmented landscapes. Below the extinction threshold, the value of which depends on the traits of the species, the rate of establishment of new populations is insufficient to compensate for local extinctions, and hence the entire metapopulation declines to network-level extinction.…”

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Species–fragmented area relationship

Hanski

Zurita

Bellocq

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The species-area relationship (SAR) gives a quantitative description of the increasing number of species in a community with increasing area of habitat. In conservation, SARs have been used to predict the number of extinctions when the area of habitat is reduced. Such predictions are most needed for landscapes rather than for individual habitat fragments, but SAR-based predictions of extinctions for landscapes with highly fragmented habitat are likely to be biased because SAR assumes contiguous habitat. In reality, habitat loss is typically accompanied by habitat fragmentation. To quantify the effect of fragmentation in addition to the effect of habitat loss on the number of species, we extend the power-law SAR to the species-fragmented area relationship. This model unites the single-species metapopulation theory with the multispecies SAR for communities. We demonstrate with a realistic simulation model and with empirical data for forest-inhabiting subtropical birds that the species-fragmented area relationship gives a far superior prediction than SAR of the number of species in fragmented landscapes. The results demonstrate that for communities of species that are not well adapted to live in fragmented landscapes, the conventional SAR underestimates the number of extinctions for landscapes in which little habitat remains and it is highly fragmented.extinction threshold | habitat conversion | metapopulation capacity | Atlantic forest | Nagoya biodiversity agreement T he species-area relationship (SAR) describes a very general pattern in the occurrence of species, which is fundamental to community ecology (1), biogeography (2), and macroecology (3). Since the 1920s (4, 5), SARs have been applied to describe the occurrence of a wide range of organisms on true islands (6-8), in fragments of distinct habitat (9, 10), and in parts of more arbitrarily delimited contiguous landscapes (1, 3). In the past decades, SAR has become an important concept and a tool also in conservation biology, where it has been used to make broad assessments of species extinctions from habitat loss (11-18). These calculations have been criticized for various reasons (17,(19)(20)(21), but minimally SAR provides a valuable point of reference for the threat that habitat loss poses to biodiversity.SARs are typically applied to a set of habitat fragments within a single landscape, but in conservation, in contrast, the essential question is how many species will persist in different landscapes (regions) with dissimilar amounts of habitat rather than in different fragments within a single landscape. This creates a problem: Habitat loss is virtually always accompanied by fragmentation (22-24), and hence the remaining habitat is not contiguous, unlike assumed by SAR, at the landscape level. In other words, SAR does not account for any adverse effects of fragmentation on the occurrence of species (25, 26). Fragmentation matters whenever individual habitat fragments are small enough to reduce the viability of the respective local populations (27, 28). ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more details on the landscape setting see ref. 35. We established 20 bird point counts in each landscape, for a total of 960 point counts in the 48 landscapes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species–fragmented area relationship

Hanski

Zurita

Bellocq

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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179

150

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“…When the environmental differences are the most important factors, the species composition will vary along the environmental gradient as a result of the different species-specific responses (Tuomisto and Ruokolainen 2006). Furthermore, the communities may be influenced not only by local environmental factors, but also by those at the landscape scale (e.g., Banks-Leite et al 2012, Cleary et al 2005, Zurita and Bellocq 2010. Therefore, it is essential to study beta diversity at different scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird diversity along a gradient of fragmented habitats of the Cerrado

Jesus

Pedro

Bispo

2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Understanding the factors that affect biodiversity is of central interest to ecology, and essential to species conservation and ecosystems management. We sampled bird communities in 17 forest fragments in the Cerrado biome, the Central-West region of Brazil. We aimed to know the communities structure pattern and the influence of geographical distance and environmental variables on them, along a gradient of fragmented habitats at both local and landscape scales. Eight structural variables of the fragments served as an environmental distance measurement at the local scale while five metrics served as an environmental distance measurement at the landscape scale. Species presence-absence data were used to calculate the dissimilarity index. Beta diversity was calculated using three indices (β sim , β nes and β sor ), representing the spatial species turnover, nestedness and total beta diversity, respectively. Spatial species turnover was the predominant pattern in the structure of the communities. Variations in beta diversity were explained only by the environmental variables of the landscape with spatial configuration being more important than the composition. This fact indicates that, in Cerrado of Goiás avian communities structure, deterministic ecological processes associated to differences in species responses to landscape fragmentation are more important than stochastic processes driven by species dispersal.

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References

2011

Conservation of Tropical Birds

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Spatial patterns of bird community similarity: bird responses to landscape composition and configuration in the Atlantic forest

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Species–fragmented area relationship

Species–fragmented area relationship

Bird diversity along a gradient of fragmented habitats of the Cerrado

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