Spatial Patterning and Competition in an Aspen‐white Pine Successional System

Squiers, Edwin R.; Klosterman, Jane E.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1981.tb12412.x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results indicate that the understorey vegetation is likely to outcompete pine seedlings under such circumstances. However, monospecific tree clusters or patches do appear to govern the dynamics of early, postfire succession between white pine and aspen (Squiers & Klosterman 1981). More in evidence here is the situation where hardwoods have…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

In situregeneration ofPinus strobusandP. resinosain the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada

Carleton

Maycock

Arnup³

et al. 1996

J Vegetation Science

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Abstract. Two extensive forest vegetation survey datasets are explored, using ordination and classification, for evidence of in situ regeneration by Pinus strobus (Eastern white pine) and P. resinosa (Red pine). Ordination of tree species contributions to total basal area in 320 upland northern hardwood‐ conifer stands produced distinct stand groups for P.banksiana, P. resinosa, P. strobus and mesic hardwoods in an ascending sequence along the first axis. Quercus rubra (red oak), Q. alba (white oak) and tolerant conifer groups formed segregates from the hardwood complex along the second axis. P. strobus mixes with all other forest types, but P. resinosa is restricted to its own group. Seedlings and trees of P. strobus are more abundant than saplings, which are restricted to the pine and oak forests. Therefore, seed production, dispersal and seedling establishment seem to be less of a barrier to in situ regeneration by P. strobus than subsequent survival and growth. Canonical correspondence analysis of 170 pine‐dominated stands from the Canadian Shield of Ontario, in which tree species variables are segmented into height‐class pseudo‐ species, yielded no linear relationship between environmental features or stand structure and seedling densities of P. strobus. However, total tree basal area appears to impose an upper limit to seedling density on the forest floor. Strong correlations emerged between pine seedling density and understorey vegetation. Stand classification of the understorey vegetation, using constrained indicator species analysis, yielded distinct high and low seedling groups. Low pine seedling density was associated with abundant broadleaved shrubs, herbs and seedlings as well as feathermosses and tolerant conifers. High seedling density could not be ascribed to the presence of seedbed taxa, such as Polytrichum, but is ascribed to the absence of competition and other forms of inhibition in the understorey vegetation and down through the canopy profile. In situ regeneration of P. strobus does, therefore, occur but conditions over the forest landscape are largely restrictive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

In situregeneration ofPinus strobusandP. resinosain the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada

Carleton

Maycock

Arnup³

et al. 1996

J Vegetation Science

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“…The history of disturbance within the AuSable forest almost certainly plays a central role in the determination of within‐ population spatial genetic structure in these populations. Colonization of this site by both species has occurred within the last 100 years (Squiers & Klosterman 1981). The AuSable forest was logged in the late 19th century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1979, an 80 × 40‐m plot was established to monitor successional changes in this forest. The design of this plot, demographic changes in spatial patterns of adult white pine and aspen, and their competitive interactions over 10 years are outlined in Squiers & Klosterman (1981) and Peterson & Squiers (1995a, b). The plot was recensused in 1989 and 1999.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were haphazardly sampled. The age of these individuals was determined to be between 14 and 22 years old at the time (Squiers & Klosterman 1981). Therefore, colonization of the plot by P. strobus occurred 40–45 years prior to this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two large pines just outside the edge of the plot are likely the source of these individuals (Fig. 1, Squiers & Klosterman 1981). In the 1999 census, Q. rubra seedlings < 1 m in height, which were absent from the plot in prior censuses (1989 and 1979), were observed in the understorey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferring colonization history from analyses of spatial genetic structure within populations of Pinus strobus and Quercus rubra

Jones¹,

Hamrick²,

Peterson³

et al. 2006

Molecular Ecology

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Many factors interact to determine genetic structure within populations including adult density, the mating system, colonization history, natural selection, and the mechanism and spatial patterns of gene dispersal. We examined spatial genetic structure within colonizing populations of Quercus rubra seedlings and Pinus strobus juveniles and adults in an aspen-white pine forest in northern Michigan, USA. A 20-year spatially explicit demographic study of the forest enables us to interpret the results in light of recent colonization of the site for both species. We assayed 217 Q. rubra seedlings and 171 P. strobus individuals at 11 polymorphic loci using nine allozyme systems. Plant genotypes and locations were used in an analysis of spatial genetic structure. Q. rubra and P. strobus showed similar observed levels of heterozygosity, but Q. rubra seedlings have less heterozygosity than expected. Q. rubra seedlings show spatial genetic clumping of individuals on a scale to 25 m and levels of genetic relatedness expected from the clumped dispersion of half-siblings. In contrast, P. strobus has low levels of genetic relatedness at the smallest distance class and positive spatial genetic structure at scales < 10 m within the plot. The low density of adult Q. rubra outside the study plot and limited, spatially clumped rodent dispersal of acorns is likely responsible for the observed pattern of spatial genetic structure and the observed heterozygote deficit (i.e. a Wahlund effect). We attribute weaker patterns observed in P. strobus to the longer dispersal distance of seeds and the historical overlap of seed shadows from adults outside of the plot coupled with the overlap of seed shadows from younger, more recently established reproductive adults. The study demonstrates the utility of long-term demographic data in interpreting mechanisms responsible for generating contemporary patterns of genetic structure within populations.

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Ecosystem Research (Ecological Geobotany)

Schmidt¹

1983

Progress in Botany / Fortschritte Der Botanik

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Spatial Patterning and Competition in an Aspen‐white Pine Successional System

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

In situregeneration ofPinus strobusandP. resinosain the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada

In situregeneration ofPinus strobusandP. resinosain the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada

Inferring colonization history from analyses of spatial genetic structure within populations of Pinus strobus and Quercus rubra

Ecosystem Research (Ecological Geobotany)

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