“…These applications have been reviewed in numerous articles (Aggeli et al, 2001, Gao & Matsui, 2005, Gazit, 2007, Hauser & Zhang, 2010, Kyle et al, 2010, Kyle et al, 2008, Rajagopal & Schneider, 2004, Scanlon & Aggeli, 2008, Woolfson & Ryadnov, 2006, Yan et al, 2010, and a detailed description of some of these applications has already been given in this chapter. In order to provide a broader vision of the possibilities of using these biological nanostructures with biomedical purposes, a list of different self-assembled peptide nanostructures is presented in (Cho et al, 2008) Nanotubes Glucose, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide detection Nanotubes Antiviral agent (Horne et al, 2005) Nanotubes Controlled drug release (Chen et al, 2011) Nanotubes Hydrogen peroxide detection (Cipriano et al, 2010) Nanotubes Drug delivery (von Maltzahn et al, 2003) Nanofibers Copper detection (Viguier et al, 2011) Nanofibers Dopamine detection (Sasso et al, 2011) Nanofibers Yersinia pestis detection (Men et al, 2010) Nanofibers Glucose detection (Yang et al, 2009) …”