Spatial organisation and behaviour of the parental chromosome sets in the nuclei of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus</i> hybrids

Lorenz, Alexander; Fuchs, Jörg; Trelles-Sticken, Edgar; Scherthan, Harry; Loidl, Josef

doi:10.1242/jcs.00066

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This topological genome separation has also been observed in mouse hybrid embryos (Mayer et al, 2000) and in nuclei fusing human sperm with a hamster egg (Brandriff et al, 1991). On the other hand, in a yeast hybrid between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. paradoxus the parental genomes were observed as intermixing just after hybrid mating (Lorenz et al, 2002). The functional role and maintenance mechanism of genome separation, however, remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Centromere separation and association in the nuclei of an interspecific hybrid between Torenia fournieri and T. baillonii (Scrophulariaceae) during mitosis and meiosis

et al. 2007

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In the nuclei of some interspecific hybrid and allopolyploid plant species, each genome occupies a separate spatial domain. To analyze this phenomenon, we studied localization of the centromeres in the nuclei of a hybrid between Torenia fournieri and T. baillonii during mitosis and meiosis using three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) probed with species-specific centromere repeats. Centromeres of each genome were located separately in undifferentiated cells but not differentiated cells, suggesting that cell division might be the possible force causing centromere separation. However, no remarkable difference of dividing distance was detected between chromatids with different centromeres in anaphase and telophase, indicating that tension of the spindle fiber attached to each chromatid is not the cause of centromere separation in Torenia. In differentiated cells, centromeres in both genomes were not often observed for the expected chromosome number, indicating centromere association. In addition, association of centromeres from the same genome was observed at a higher frequency than between different genomes. This finding suggests that centromeres within one genome are spatially separated from those within the other. This close position may increase possibility of association between centromeres of the same genome. In meiotic prophase, all centromeres irrespective of the genome were associated in a certain portion of the nucleus. Since centromere association in the interspecific hybrid and amphiploid was tighter than that in the diploid parents, it is possible that this phenomenon may be involved in sorting and pairing of homologous chromosomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Centromere separation and association in the nuclei of an interspecific hybrid between Torenia fournieri and T. baillonii (Scrophulariaceae) during mitosis and meiosis

et al. 2007

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“…The classical genetic and molecular methods applied, such as sporulation and crosses, karyotyping, AFLP analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and the partial sequencing of a few selected genes, were not sufficient to fully characterize the hybrid genomes. These methods were sufficient, however, to indicate that hybrid lines generally undergo progressive genome stabilization, during which large genomic rearrangements occur, including aneuploidization, chromosomal translocation, and partial or total chromosome loss (6,42,90,99,123,174,175,198). Gene amplification also occurs, especially in subtelomeric regions of chromosomes.…”

Section: Evolution Of Hybrid Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Role of Interspecies Hybridization and Genetic Exchanges in Yeasts

Morales

Dujon

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

153

158

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SUMMARYForced interspecific hybridization has been used in yeasts for many years to study speciation or to construct artificial strains with novel fermentative and metabolic properties. Recent genome analyses indicate that natural hybrids are also generated spontaneously between yeasts belonging to distinct species, creating lineages with novel phenotypes, varied genetic stability, or altered virulence in the case of pathogens. Large segmental introgressions from evolutionarily distant species are also visible in some yeast genomes, suggesting that interspecific genetic exchanges occur during evolution. The origin of this phenomenon remains unclear, but it is likely based on weak prezygotic barriers, limited Dobzhansky-Muller (DM) incompatibilities, and rapid clonal expansions. Newly formed interspecies hybrids suffer rapid changes in the genetic contribution of each parent, including chromosome loss or aneuploidy, translocations, and loss of heterozygosity, that, except in a few recently studied cases, remain to be characterized more precisely at the genomic level by use of modern technologies. We review here known cases of natural or artificially formed interspecies hybrids between yeasts and discuss their potential importance in terms of genome evolution. Problems of meiotic fertility, ploidy constraint, gene and gene product compatibility, and nucleomitochondrial interactions are discussed and placed in the context of other known mechanisms of yeast genome evolution as a model for eukaryotes.

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“…For cell counting, fixed cells were sonicated gently, treated with Triton X-100 and DAPI as described above, and examined with a Nikon E-800 microscope using a Plan Fluor 100ϫ differential interference contrast objective. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and FISH ϩ immunofluorescence experiments were done as described in Lorenz et al (2002) and Fuchs and Loidl (2004)). Images were taken using a Zeiss Axioskop microscope with a 100ϫ/1.30 Plan-Neofluar objective and a Quantix camera (Photometrics, Tucson, AZ) controlled by IPLab software.…”

Section: Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast Nuclear Envelope Subdomains with Distinct Abilities to Resist Membrane Expansion

Campbell

Lorenz

Witkin

et al. 2006

MBoC

Self Cite

117

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Little is known about what dictates the round shape of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleus. In spo7⌬ mutants, the nucleus is misshapen, exhibiting a single protrusion. The Spo7 protein is part of a phosphatase complex that represses phospholipid biosynthesis. Here, we report that the nuclear protrusion of spo7⌬ mutants colocalizes with the nucleolus, whereas the nuclear compartment containing the bulk of the DNA is unaffected. Using strains in which the nucleolus is not intimately associated with the nuclear envelope, we show that the single nuclear protrusion of spo7⌬ mutants is not a result of nucleolar expansion, but rather a property of the nuclear membrane. We found that in spo7⌬ mutants the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane was also expanded. Because the nuclear membrane and the ER are contiguous, this finding indicates that in spo7⌬ mutants all ER membranes, with the exception of the membrane surrounding the bulk of the DNA, undergo expansion. Our results suggest that the nuclear envelope has distinct domains that differ in their ability to resist membrane expansion in response to increased phospholipid biosynthesis. We further propose that in budding yeast there is a mechanism, or structure, that restricts nuclear membrane expansion around the bulk of the DNA. INTRODUCTIONThe nucleus has a distinct organization, characterized by the presence of internal subcompartments. Moreover, in most, but not all, cell types the nucleus adopts a round shape. Understanding how this organization and shape are achieved is of major biological and medical interest. Certain cell types, such as those found in blood lineages (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils), undergo dramatic nuclear shape changes as they differentiate (Gartner et al., 1990). Cancerous states are often associated with changes in nuclear morphology, most frequently nucleolar enlargement, changes in nuclear shape, or a combination of the two (Zink et al., 2004). Although these changes provide useful diagnostic markers of cancer progression, their mechanistic basis is still poorly understood. Other diseases are also associated with changes in nuclear shape and organization. For example, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, which leads to premature aging, is caused by a specific mutation in the gene encoding A-type lamins and is associated with nuclear shape changes . Interestingly, progeria-like changes in nuclear shape are part of the normal aging process of nonneuronal cells in Caenorhabditis elegans (Haithcock et al., 2005). Genetic defects in the nuclear lamina are also associated with several types of muscular dystrophy . Nuclear lamins and their associated proteins provide both a rigid structure that helps shape the nuclear membrane and a platform onto which protein complexes and chromatin can bind (Holaska et al., 2002). Although much has been learned in recent years about the function of nuclear lamins, many significant questions remain. For example, it is not known how diseaseassociated changes in nuclear shape affect...

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Spatial organisation and behaviour of the parental chromosome sets in the nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. paradoxus hybrids

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Centromere separation and association in the nuclei of an interspecific hybrid between Torenia fournieri and T. baillonii (Scrophulariaceae) during mitosis and meiosis

Centromere separation and association in the nuclei of an interspecific hybrid between Torenia fournieri and T. baillonii (Scrophulariaceae) during mitosis and meiosis

Evolutionary Role of Interspecies Hybridization and Genetic Exchanges in Yeasts

Yeast Nuclear Envelope Subdomains with Distinct Abilities to Resist Membrane Expansion

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