Spatial mosaic evolution of snail defensive traits

Johnson, Steven G.; Hulsey, C. Darrin; León, Francisco J. Garcı́a de

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-50

Cited by 19 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Shell plasticity in mollusks remains heavily studied since shell phenotypes are readily measured and driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., Hoverman & Relyea, 2007;Johnson et al, 2007;Preston & Roberts, 2007). Though authors had previously described the relationship of shell inflation and sculpture to freshwater environments (see previous references and review in Ball, 1922), Ortmann also noted that, while he had confirmed a similar relationship in the pleurocerid genus Io as described by Adams (1915), relatively few freshwater mussel or snail species had been observed showing this pattern of morphological variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying phenotypic gradients in freshwater snails: a case study in Lithasia (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)

2008

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Many authors have described a pattern of morphological variation in freshwater bivalves where shells taken from lentic and lotic environments, or headwaters and main stem reaches, appear to exhibit phenotypic gradients in size and shape. For example, mussels taken from headwater reaches tend to possess smooth, less inflated shells compared to the more obese, sculptured individuals downstream. Others observed similar relationships in certain freshwater gastropods, but this variation has not been quantified nor its existence explained in an ecological or evolutionary context. Geometric morphometrics indicated freshwater snails shells from the pleurocerid genus Lithasia from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA, show phenotypic gradients similar to those in freshwater mussels. Shells from upstream areas were narrow and less sculptured on the posterior portions of their body whorls, while downstream shells were more inflated and possessed significantly more sculpture. This phenotypic variation may reduce predation or damage due to dislodging. The nature of the observed plasticity suggests an unidirectional environment similar to that proposed by the river continuum concept.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying phenotypic gradients in freshwater snails: a case study in Lithasia (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)

2008

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“…2007). To generate the level of mitochondrial introgression in a population, we combined new mitochondrial haplotype sequences ( n = 82) with published data for CYTB ( n = 180) from Hulsey and García de León (2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2007). The mtDNA haplotypes were taken from two studies ( 3 Hulsey and García de León 2013; 4 this study).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do relaxed selection and habitat temperature facilitate biased mitogenomic introgression in a narrowly endemic fish?

Hulsey

Bell

García-De-León³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Introgression might be exceptionally common during the evolution of narrowly endemic species. For instance, in the springs of the small and isolated Cuatro Ciénegas Valley, the mitogenome of the cichlid fish Herichthys cyanoguttatus could be rapidly introgressing into populations of the trophically polymorphic H. minckleyi. We used a combination of genetic and environmental data to examine the factors associated with this mitochondrial introgression. A reduced representation library of over 6220 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome showed that mitochondrial introgression into H. minckleyi is biased relative to the amount of nuclear introgression. SNP assignment probabilities also indicated that cichlids with more hybrid ancestry are not more commonly female providing no support for asymmetric backcrossing or hybrid‐induced sex‐ratio distortion in generating the bias in mitochondrial introgression. Smaller effective population size in H. minckleyi inferred from the SNPs coupled with sequences of all 13 mitochondrial proteins suggests that relaxed selection on the mitogenome could be facilitating the introgression of “H. cyanoguttatus” haplotypes. Additionally, we showed that springs with colder temperatures had greater amounts of mitochondrial introgression from H. cyanoguttatus. Relaxed selection in H. minckleyi coupled with temperature‐related molecular adaptation could be facilitating mitogenomic introgression into H. minckleyi.

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“…As discussed below, previous studies have demonstrated that various top-down predatory influences have a major effect on gastropod avoidance and foraging behavior (Corr et al, 1984;Alexander & Covich, 1991a, b;Dalesman et al, 2007Dalesman et al, , 2009aWojdak, 2009), life history (Crowl, 1990;Crowl & Covich, 1990;Crowl & Schnell, 1990), and shell morphology (Vermeij & Covich, 1978;DeWitt, 1998, DeWitt et al, 1999, Krist, 2002, Johnson et al, 2007. All these predator-prey interactions can alter competitive outcomes among different gastropod species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Examples include burrowing into sediments, Herichthys minckleyi papilliforms (right D) exhibit gill arches modified into more gracile pharyngeal jaws with small muscles and pointed teeth that are ineffective at crushing snails while H. minckleyi molariforms (left D) have robust muscles and enlarged crushing teeth on their pharyngeal jaws that seem clearly modified to crush snails. E portrays heterogeneity in habitats with Nymphaea (top) and without Nymphaea (bottom) (from Johnson et al, 2007) shaking to escape from a predator's grasp, movement to close refugia (crevices, under rocks), as well as crawling into deeper waters or passively dispersing to other more distant habitats by floating (catastrophic drift). Life-history traits such high dispersal, fecundity, delayed age at first reproduction to increase growth rates provide highly flexible responses that can diminish the risk of predation (e.g., Crowl & Covich, 1990;DeWitt, 1998;Chase, 1999;Lewis, 2001;Krist, 2002;Turner, 2008).…”

Section: Behavioral Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winning the biodiversity arms race among freshwater gastropods: competition and coexistence through shell variability and predator avoidance

Covich¹

2010

Hydrobiologia

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Explanations for the coexistence of many closely related species in inland waters continue to be generated more than 50 years after Hutchinson's question: why are there so many kinds of animals? This review focuses on the hypothesis that high species diversity of freshwater gastropods results, in part, from predators maintaining biodiversity across a range of deep-and shallow-water habitats. Invertebrate predators, such as aquatic insects, and leeches consume soft tissue of pulmonate snails by penetrating shells of various shapes and sizes. Crayfish and large prawns chip around the shell aperture to enter thick shells and crush small shells with their mandibles. Crabs use their strong chelae to crush thin and thick shells. Fishes with pharyngeal teeth are major shell-breaking predators that combine with other vertebrate predators such as turtles and wading birds to increase the diversity of gastropod communities by regulating the abundance of dominant species. Although the generalized diets of most freshwater predators preclude tight co-evolutionary patterns of responses, there are combinations of predators that modify gastropod behavior and shell morphology in aquatic assemblages of different ages and depths. This combination of invertebrate and vertebrate predatory impacts led to competitive advantages among individual gastropods with different adaptations: (1) less vulnerable shell morphologies and sizes; (2) predatoravoidance behaviors; or (3) rapid and widespread dispersal with variable life histories. Some individuals develop thicker and/or narrow-opening shells or shells with spines and ridges. Other thin-shelled species crawl out of the water or burrow to lower their risk to shell-breaking or shell-entering predators. Some alter their age at first reproduction and grow rapidly into a size refuge. Fluctuations in water levels and introductions of non-native species can change competitive dominance relationships among gastropods and result in major losses of native species. Many different gastropod predators control species that are human disease vectors. Most snails and their predators provide other ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. Their persistence and diversity of native species require adaptive management and coordinated study.

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Spatial mosaic evolution of snail defensive traits

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Quantifying phenotypic gradients in freshwater snails: a case study in Lithasia (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)

Quantifying phenotypic gradients in freshwater snails: a case study in Lithasia (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)

Do relaxed selection and habitat temperature facilitate biased mitogenomic introgression in a narrowly endemic fish?

Winning the biodiversity arms race among freshwater gastropods: competition and coexistence through shell variability and predator avoidance

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