Spatial modulation for multiple-antenna wireless systems: a survey

Abstract

Multiple-antenna techniques constitute a key technology for modern wireless communications, which trade-off superior error performance and higher data rates for increased system complexity and cost. Among the many transmission principles that exploit multiple-antenna at either the transmitter, the receiver, or both, Spatial Modulation (SM) is a novel and recently proposed multipleantenna transmission technique which can offer, with a very low system complexity, improved data rates compared to Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) systems, and robust error performance even in correlated channel environments. SM is an entirely new modulation concept that exploits the uniqueness and randomness properties of the wireless channel for communication. This is achieved by adopting a simple but effective coding mechanism that establishes a one-to-one mapping between blocks of information bits to be transmitted and the spatial positions of the transmit-antenna in the antenna-array. In this article, we summarize the latest research achievements and outline some relevant open research issues of this recently proposed transmission technique.

Phase rotation‐based precoding for spatial modulation systems

“…Moreover, the single-RF design is capable of employing a low-complexity single-stream maximum-likelihood (ML) detector and offering an increased energy efficiency compared with multiple-RF-chain-based schemes. As a result, SM constitutes a promising transmission candidate for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) design [7][8][9]. It is found that the performances (i.e.…”

Subcarrier Intensity Modulation-Spatial Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications

“…2, when Nt=4, Nr=1, and M=2 (BPSK) [9] . Let      with       and    be the transmitted message.…”

“…where  • for   and  is the decision metric defined in what follows: Euclidean distance between signals x and y [9] . Nsub=4 and M=2, every log    log   bits are transmitted at each time instant and grouped as follows [4] :…”

Precoder design for space shift keying in MIMO systems with limited feedback

“…Recently, spatial modulation (SM) [1] transmission scheme in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has drawn substantial attentions [2][3]. The SM-MIMO systems exploiting both spatial dimension and amplitude and phase modulation (APM) to convey information bits differ from the conventional approach which uses only APM to convey information.…”