Spatial models of metapopulations and benthic communities in patchy environments

Hill, M. Forrest

doi:10.1575/1912/4124

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The most detailed of these analyses, based on the most extensive data, are for marine benthic communities, including coral reefs (Tanner et al . 1994; 1996), the rocky intertidal (Wootton 2001a,b), and hard‐substrate subtidal communities (Hill 2000 and the present paper).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Nine states correspond to a single species, one corresponds to bare rock(empty space), and one corresponds to a functional group consisting of ascidians ( Aplidium pallidum and Ascidia callosa ), bryozoans ( Parasmittina jefferysi and Idmidronea atlantica ), and a polychaete ( Spirorbis spirorbis ). This functional group was identified by an objective analysis showing a highlevel of functional similarity among these species (Hill2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1994; Gibson et al . 1997; Hill 2000; Wootton 2001a,b). The most detailed of these analyses, based on the most extensive data, are for marine benthic communities, including coral reefs (Tanner et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio‐temporal variation in Markov chain models of subtidal community succession

Hill¹,

Witman

Caswell

2002

Ecology Letters

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In this paper we ask whether succession in a rocky subtidal community varies in space and time, and if so how much affect that variation has on predictions of community dynamics and structure. We describe succession by Markov chain models based on observed frequencies of species replacements. We use loglinear analysis to detect and quantify spatio-temporal variation in the transition matrices describing succession. The analysis shows that space and time, but not their interaction, have highly significant effects on transition probabilities. To explore the ecological importance of the spatiotemporal variability detected in this analysis, we compare the equilibria and the transient dynamics among three Markov chain models: a time-averaged model that includes the effects of space on succession, a spatially averaged model that include the effects of time, and a constant matrix that averages over the effects of space and time. All three models predicted similar equilibrium composition and similar rates of convergence to equilibrium, as measured by the damping ratio or the subdominant Lyapunov exponent. The predicted equilibria from all three models were very similar to the observed community structure. Thus, although spatial and temporal variation is statistically significant, at least in this system this variation does not prevent homogeneous models from predicting community structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio‐temporal variation in Markov chain models of subtidal community succession

Hill¹,

Witman

Caswell

2002

Ecology Letters

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“…We did not pool species into groups in the subtidal analysis. Methods now exist for carrying out such pooling according to objective criteria that minimize its effects on community dynamics (Hill 2000), the results of which will be presented in another article.…”

Section: A Comparative Analysis Of Benthic Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models with dependence on local state frequencies are nonlinear stochastic cellular automata (e.g., Caswell and Etter 1999). Models with dependence on global state frequencies are nonlinear Markov chains (Caswell andCohen 1991a, 1991b;Hill 2000), which are mean-field models for the corresponding cellular automata.…”

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confidence: 99%

Markov Chain Analysis of Succession in a Rocky Subtidal Community

Hill

Witman

Caswell

2004

The American Naturalist

182

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We present a Markov chain model of succession in a rocky subtidal community based on a long-term (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)) study of subtidal invertebrates (14 species) at Ammen Rock Pinnacle in the Gulf of Maine. The model describes successional processes (disturbance, colonization, species persistence, and replacement), the equilibrium (stationary) community, and the rate of convergence. We described successional dynamics by species turnover rates, recurrence times, and the entropy of the transition matrix. We used perturbation analysis to quantify the response of diversity to successional rates and species removals. The equilibrium community was dominated by an encrusting sponge (Hymedesmia) and a bryozoan (Crisia eburnea). The equilibrium structure explained 98% of the variance in observed species frequencies. Dominant species have low probabilities of disturbance and high rates of colonization and persistence. On average, species turn over every 3.4 years. Recurrence times varied among species (7-268 years); rare species had the longest recurrence times. The community converged to equilibrium quickly (9.5 years), as measured by Dobrushin's coefficient of ergodicity. The largest changes in evenness would result from removal of the dominant sponge Hymedesmia. Subdominant species appear to increase evenness by slowing the dominance of Hymedesmia. Comparison of the subtidal community with intertidal and coral reef communities revealed that disturbance rates are an order of magnitude higher in coral reef than in rocky intertidal and subtidal communities. Colonization rates and turnover times, however, are lowest and longest The dynamics of an ecological community are often described by changes in species composition over time. We use the term "succession" to refer to these changes. Succession is no longer viewed as a deterministic development toward a unique stable climax community (Connell and Slatyer 1977). Instead, it is widely recognized that disturbance, dispersal, colonization, and species interactions produce patterns and variability on a range of temporal and spatial scales.Markov chains were introduced as models of succession by Waggoner and Stephens (1970) and Horn (1975). These models imagine the landscape as a large (usually infinite) set of patches or points in space. The state of a point is given by the list of species that occupy it. In one class of models, this list may include multiple coexisting populations; such models are called patch-occupancy models (e.g., Caswell andCohen 1991a, 1991b). In another class of models, points are occupied by single individuals rather than populations. Such models have been applied to forests (Waggoner and Stephens 1970;Horn 1975;Runkle 1981;Masaki et al. 1992), plant communities (Isagi and Nakagoshi 1990; Aaviksoo 1995), insect assemblages (Usher 1979), coral reefs (Tanner et al. 1994(Tanner et al. , 1996, and rocky intertidal communities (Wootton 2001b(Wootton , 2001c.Successional dynamics are modeled by defining the pro...

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Spatial models of metapopulations and benthic communities in patchy environments

Cited by 2 publications

References 83 publications

Spatio‐temporal variation in Markov chain models of subtidal community succession

Spatio‐temporal variation in Markov chain models of subtidal community succession

Markov Chain Analysis of Succession in a Rocky Subtidal Community

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