Spatial modelling and mapping of female genital mutilation in Kenya

Achia, Thomas

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-276

Cited by 46 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although the relationship was not linear in the bivariate analysis, the results of regression analysis adjusted for confounders showed a significant increase in the odds of reporting FGM among respondents in the lower educational categories. Evidence of the beneficial effect of educational qualification on FGM were also reported in other studies in sub-Saharan Africa (Setegn et al 2016;Achia 2014;Kaplan et al 2013). Oddly enough, although educational level is a strong predicator of wealth status, the results revealed an inverse association between wealth status and reporting of FGM.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Recommendationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…According to previous reports, the prevalence ranged from 41% to as high as 62.9% at national and subnational levels (Okeke et al 2012;Obi 2004). These estimates are lower than Ethiopia (74%) (Setegn et al 2016) and Gambia (75.6%) (Kaplan et al 2013), but higher than Kenya (28.2%) (Achia 2014) and Tanzania (15%) (Awodele et al 2011). Apart from the high overall prevalence, there has been an increasing trend in FGM in Nigeria since 2003.…”

Section: Discussion and Policy Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria: A Persisting Challenge for Women’s Rights

Yaya

Bishwajit

2018

Social Sciences

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Although considered a violation of human rights, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a commonly accepted practice in Nigeria in the ritual and sociocultural context of the population. In recent years, there have been strong policy actions by Nigerian legislature to curb this practice. Despite that, FGM continues to be a widespread phenomenon. In this study, we aimed to report on the prevalence of FGM, women’s attitude towards this practice, and its association with selected sociodemographic factors. Methods: Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013 provided the data for this study. The participants were married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Owing to the clustered nature of the data, a complex survey plan was created to account for cluster effects and sampling weights. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate regression techniques. Results: Overall prevalence of FGM was 38.9% (95% CI = 36.4–40.1), and that among their daughters was 17.4% (95% CI = 15.3–19.7). There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of FGM in 2013 compared to its 2003 level. Respondents who had undergone circumcision were more likely to have their daughters circumcised. In all three surveys, almost all of the circumcisions were performed by traditional practitioners. In the regression analysis, respondent’s age, area and region of residency, religious affiliation, educational status, and household wealth appeared to be significant predictors of FGM. Conclusion: In Nigeria, FGM remains a widely prevalent phenomenon with an increasing number of women experiencing this practice. Important regional and socioeconomic disparities were observed in the prevalence which merit urgent policy attention.

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Section: Discussion and Policy Recommendationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussion and Policy Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria: A Persisting Challenge for Women’s Rights

Yaya

Bishwajit

2018

Social Sciences

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“…Kenya has comparatively lower rates than many other countries but demonstrates substantial variations among counties within the country. A spatial modelling study highlighted the continued high prevalence clusters of FGM/C in North Eastern and South Western Kenya [19]. The present qualitative study was the first to review perceived recent changes and factors that are responsible for the persistence of FGM/C in two rural areas of Kenya from the perspective of activists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“Promote locally led initiatives to fight female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)” lessons from anti-FGM/C advocates in rural Kenya

et al. 2020

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Background: Female Genital Mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a tradition rooted in culture and involves the partial or total removal or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. In Kenya, initiatives to abandon the practice have included 'alternative' ritualistic programmes (ARPs) combined with intensive community sensitisation about FGM/C to achieve attitudinal and behavioural changes. While there are indications of the effectiveness of these interventions, FGM/C continues to be practiced within certain groups in Kenya. This study explored the views of anti-FGM/C advocates on the barriers and facilitators to tackling FGM/C within the Meru community in Kenya. Methods: Data were obtained using 4 Focus Groups (FGs) with 30 anti-FGM/C advocates from Tigania East and West in Meru county. Thematic framework analysis guided the analysis based on four main questions: 1) How has the cultural meaning of FGM/C evolved over time? 2) What are the perceptions in relation to the effectiveness of anti-FGM/C interventions? 3) How effective are interventions and campaigns to end FGM/C in Meru county? 4) What actions are perceived as the most likely to bring about change? Results: There has been a substantial shift in the culture of FGM/C and the number of families carrying out the practice in Meru county has decreased in recent years. Participants noted five actions likely to bring about change; 1) reviving and supporting ARPs, 2) encouraging fathers' involvement in the upbringing of their daughters,3) inclusion of the topic of FGM/C in the current education curriculum and public fora, 4) strengthening the community policing strategy-Nyumba Kumi, 5) and setting up community centers for orphans. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the significance of locally led initiatives to fight FGM/C. It also became clear that change would have to start at the family level with parents, particularly fathers, taking on a more active role in the lives of their daughters. Providing education about FGM/C to communities, particularly young men coupled with keeping girls in school appeared to be some of the most effective ways of fighting FGM/C. At the community level, the church became particularly crucial in challenging the practice of FGM/C.

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“…2015;Ashimi and Amole 2015;Mohammed et al. 2014;Achia 2014). These diverse factors often operate at the individual, family, community, (including women's networks, which can be intergenerational and non-geographically specific in nature and include women and men [Shell-Duncan et al 2011]) and national policy levels, converging and interacting with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in FGM/C in Somaliland: Medical narrative driving shift in types of cutting

Powell¹,

Yussuf²

2018

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Spatial modelling and mapping of female genital mutilation in Kenya

Cited by 46 publications

References 43 publications

Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria: A Persisting Challenge for Women’s Rights

Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria: A Persisting Challenge for Women’s Rights

“Promote locally led initiatives to fight female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)” lessons from anti-FGM/C advocates in rural Kenya

Changes in FGM/C in Somaliland: Medical narrative driving shift in types of cutting

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