Spatial modelling and inequalities of environmental noise in Accra, Ghana

High-resolution patterns and inequalities in ambient fine particle mass (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in the Greater Accra Metropolis, Ghana

“…Our primary measure of neighborhood SES was the median log equivalized household consumption (Ghanaian Cedi (GH₵)) within each EA estimated from household expenditures and rent (Text S1) collected by the Ghana Living Standards Surveys (GLSS) Round 6. The GLSS data on expenditure were combined with the 2010 Ghana Population and Housing Census dataset in small area estimation models to derive relationships between estimated consumption, area, and other demographic features ( Elbers et al, 2003 ; Corral et al, 2020 ) and explained in more detail in ( Clark et al, 2022 ). We then summarized distributions of predicted PM 2.5 and BC levels (annual and non-Harmattan means) across quintiles of EA SES (20 % of EAs in each group).…”

Strangers in a strange land: Mapping household and neighbourhood associations with improved wellbeing outcomes in Accra, Ghana

“…Since the GLSS does not sample the unhoused nor school-, hospital-, or prison-based populations, these are not included in this analysis. These household and area consumption metrics have been used in analyses elsewhere ( Alli et al, 2023 ; Bixby et al, 2022 ; Clark et al, 2022 ; Tetteh et al, 2022 ). For this paper, we use these consumption estimates to determine the number of households that fall into three SES categories within each EA in Accra: households in the bottom 20 th percentile (poor), 21 st -79 th percentiles (middle class), or the upper 20 th percentile (affluent).…”

Environmental Exposome and Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Evidence and Future Directions

“…Remarkably, poorer areas faced significantly higher median noise levels compared with wealthier areas, presenting a disparity of about 5 dBA. 76…”

“…Remarkably, poorer areas faced significantly higher median noise levels compared with wealthier areas, presenting a disparity of about 5 dBA. 76 A review of socioeconomic inequalities in the World Health Organization European Region on ambient air pollution found strong evidence that areas with higher deprivation and lower economic status often face higher levels of pollutants like particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO 2 , NO x ). The review found that ethnic minorities have varied exposure, sometimes higher or lower compared with the majority population, depending on the specific minority group.…”