Spatial modeling of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1983 to 2013

Holakouie-Naieni, Kourosh; Mostafavi, Ehsan; Boloorani, Ali Darvishi; Mohebali, Mehdi; Pakzad, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.004

Cited by 63 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to Yazd city, Ardakan and Bafgh counties are also predominantly ZCL (24,43). Yazd province was predicted as a potential hot spot for CL by spatial modeling (44).…”

Section: Central Iranmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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“…In addition to Yazd city, Ardakan and Bafgh counties are also predominantly ZCL (24,43). Yazd province was predicted as a potential hot spot for CL by spatial modeling (44).…”

Section: Central Iranmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Based on previous studies in the province, it could be expected that L. major is the predominant species in the area. On the other hand, the traits of Tatera indica (reservoir) and Phlebotomus papatasi (vector) in the area, as well as various documentations from Khuzestan province, implicate this province along with Ilam and Bushehr provinces as the most highlighted regions for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran (3,(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Causative Agents of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients Using PCR-RFLP Method in Dasht-e-Azadegan County, Southwest of Iran, in 2016

Khazael

Saki

Arjmand

2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: As a neglected disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis renders considerable incidence rates. Eastern Mediterranean countries such as Iran are endemic for this infection. Objectives: Herein, we determined the species/strains of the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dasht-e-Azadegan, Khuzestan, Iran, using PCR-RFLP in 2016. Methods: We microscopically examined 80 smear slides from suspected patients referring to health centers of the city. After DNA extraction from slide materials, the amplification of the ITS1 fragment was done using the LITSR and L5.8S primer pair for Leishmania molecular detection. Subsequently, HaeIII (species level), TaqI (strain level), DpnI, and HpaII (mutation analysis) digestion was exerted based on the RFLP method. Results: Microscopic examination revealed the amastigote forms of Leishmania in all 80 samples. A 350 bp band was amplified by ITS1-PCR, which confirmed the infection at the molecular level. Following HaeIII digestion, 150 and 200 bp fragments were produced indicating Leishmania major. Also, TaqI digestion rendered 130 and 200 bp bands suggesting the A1 strain. Moreover, no mutations were detected in the genome of the identified L. major A1 strains by DpnI (140 and 200 bp bands) and HpaII (no digestion) digestion. Conclusions: The genotypic heterogeneity of Leishmania species is of utmost importance for better treatment choices, appropriate diagnosis, and preventive measures. Future work in the area should address the parasite strains in alternative vector/reservoir hosts.

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“…Among the different clinical manifestations of these infections, CL is the most prevalent form in Iran and have still been being a great health problem in many countries in the Americas, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, and Central Asia. In addition, most of the new cases (about 70%) occurred in Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Sudan, Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Syrian Arab Republic . Moreover, VL is the most severe, systemic form and has been reported from many countries in Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, central Asia, South America, and Central America, and the majority cases of VL have been reported in northwestern and southern areas of Iran, though .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, most of the new cases (about 70%) occurred in Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Sudan, Ethiopia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Syrian Arab Republic . Moreover, VL is the most severe, systemic form and has been reported from many countries in Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, central Asia, South America, and Central America, and the majority cases of VL have been reported in northwestern and southern areas of Iran, though . Unlike common types of CL and VL in Iran, MCL has been less suspected and consequently less reported similar to its low prevalence in all the world .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1968 to 2018: a narrative review of clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

2020

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Leishmaniases are worldwide zoonotic infectious diseases caused by different types of intracellular protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis as an important vector-borne parasitic disease is transmitted between mammalian hosts by female sandflies. There are three main clinical forms of disease with varied severity: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). MCL is the most uncommon form of this syndrome in the Old World. Accordingly, the reports have characterized that patients with the involvement of mucous membranes are rare even in endemic areas. It is well-known that MCL is a rare clinical manifestation in Iran, but there have been several different cases of patients with mucosal (ML) or MCL in some parts of Iran during the past 50 years. Therefore, we aimed to report and present clinical and epidemiological features of ML or MCL in different regions of the country. Also, we demonstrated specified Leishmania species causing the ML in some cases. The present narrative review indicates that ML or MCL is not unexpected in Iran. Based on the findings of the recent studies, it is concluded that diagnosis of ML should be considered by physicians in Iran.

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Spatial modeling of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1983 to 2013

Cited by 63 publications

References 28 publications

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Genotyping of Causative Agents of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients Using PCR-RFLP Method in Dasht-e-Azadegan County, Southwest of Iran, in 2016

Mucosal and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1968 to 2018: a narrative review of clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

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