Spatial memory: Theoretical basis and comparative review on experimental methods in rodents

Carrillo‐Mora, Paul; Giordano, Magda; Abel, Stefanie

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.05.022

Cited by 182 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The development of selective brain imaging ligands targeting MT 2 receptors may help to provide in vivo evidence on receptor expression levels throughout the progression of the disease. Nonetheless, selective MT 2 receptor ligands should be tested in behavioural models of learning and memory, such as the T-maze, the radial arm maze and the Morris water maze (for details see the reviews by Dudchenko 143 and by Paul and colleagues 144 ).…”

Section: Mt 2 Receptor Memory Function and Alzheimer Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the role of melatonin MT2 receptors in sleep, anxiety and other neuropsychiatric diseases: a novel target in psychopharmacology

Comai

Gobbi

2014

J Psychiatry Neurosci

153

126

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IntroductionMelatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone synthesized from serotonin (5-HT) and secreted foremost by the mammalian pineal gland following a distinct circadian rhythm with the acrophase during the dark phase and the nadir during the light phase in both diurnal and nocturnal species.1 A typical human adult's average daytime and nighttime levels of blood MLT are approximately 10 pg/mL and 60 pg/mL, respectively.2 Its production is controlled through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by the photoperiod, peaking at night and dropping during the day. Melatonin is involved in numerous physiologic processes, including circadian rhythms, mood regulation, anxiety, sleep, appetite, immune responses and cardiac functions. 3,4 Most of the effects of MLT in the brain result from the activation of 2 high-affinity G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), MT 1 and MT 2 .5 Of note, GPCRs have a proven history of being excellent therapeutic targets. Recent market analyses indicate that 40%-50% of modern drugs and almost 25% of the top 200 best-selling drugs target GPCRs. 6 In addition to these high-affinity MLT receptors, another low-affinity MLT binding site, MT 3 , has recently been characterized as an MLT-sensitive form of the human enzyme quinone reductase 2. 7 The functional characterization of MT 1 and MT 2 receptors in target tissues is hampered by the paucity of selective MT 1 and MT 2 receptor ligands. Structural Background: Melatonin (MLT) is a pleiotropic neurohormone controlling many physiological processes and whose dysfunction may contribute to several different diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, circadian and mood disorders, insomnia, type 2 diabetes and pain. Melatonin is synthesized by the pineal gland during the night and acts through 2 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), MT 1 (MEL1a) and MT 2 (MEL1b). Although a bulk of research has examined the physiopathological effects of MLT, few studies have investigated the selective role played by MT 1 and MT 2 receptors. Here we have reviewed current knowledge about the implications of MT 2 receptors in brain functions. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and articles reference lists for studies on MT 2 receptor ligands in sleep, anxiety, neuropsychiatric diseases and psychopharmacology, including genetic studies on the MTNR1B gene, which encodes the melatonin MT 2 receptor. Results: These studies demonstrate that MT 2 receptors are involved in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer disease and pain and that selective MT 2 receptor agonists show hypnotic and anxiolytic properties. Limitations: Studies examining the role of MT 2 receptors in psychopharmacology are still limited. Conclusion: The development of novel selective MT 2 receptor ligands, together with further preclinical in vivo studies, may clarify the role of this receptor in brain function and psychopharmacology. The superfamily of GPCRs has proven to be among the most successful drug targets and, consequently, M...

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Section: Mt 2 Receptor Memory Function and Alzheimer Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the role of melatonin MT2 receptors in sleep, anxiety and other neuropsychiatric diseases: a novel target in psychopharmacology

Comai

Gobbi

2014

J Psychiatry Neurosci

153

126

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“…tal studies have demonstrated a functional dissociation between 62 these two regions, each lesion producing specific learning deficits 63 depending on task demands (Knowlton, Mangels, & Squire, 1996; 64 Packard, Hirsh, & White, 1989). Further work in rodents has widely 65 promoted the role of the HPC in spatial learning and navigation 66 (Paul, Magda, & Abel, 2009), in contextual memories (Maren, 67 Aharonov, & Fanselow, 1997;Phillips & LeDoux, 1992), and in con- 68 figural or relational forms of memory (Alvarado & Rudy, 1995;69 Alvarez, Wendelken, & Eichenbaum, 2002). In parallel, converging Knowlton, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Touchscreen tasks in mice to demonstrate differences between hippocampal and striatal functions

Delotterie

Mathis

Cassel

et al. 2015

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…However, no 418 differences between retention trial latencies of scopolamine-treated 419 mice and retention trial latencies of combined scopolamine and 420 tiagabine-treated animals were observed, which proves that in this 421 test scopolamine reduced step-through latency as compared to 422 vehicle-treated mice, and the pretreatment with tiagabine did not 423 have any influence on this effect. 424 The GABAergic system plays a key role in the adequate 425 performance in the MWM which is frequently used for the 426 evaluation of spatial learning and memory in rodents [47]. The 427 activation of GABAergic neurotransmission is thought to interfere 428 with spatial learning abilities in this test.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Both MWM and PA involve 432 working memory and reference memory [24]. MWM permits to 433 study reference memory, spatial learning and working memory 434 [47,49]. To assess the impact of tiagabine on spatial memory we 435 used C57BL/6 mice which show better performance in MWM than 436 CD-1 mice [32,34,47,48] due to visual impairment of the latter 437 strain [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitor, tiagabine, on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice

Sałat

Podkowa

Mogilski

et al. 2015

Pharmacological Reports

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Spatial memory: Theoretical basis and comparative review on experimental methods in rodents

Cited by 182 publications

References 130 publications

Unveiling the role of melatonin MT2 receptors in sleep, anxiety and other neuropsychiatric diseases: a novel target in psychopharmacology

Unveiling the role of melatonin MT2 receptors in sleep, anxiety and other neuropsychiatric diseases: a novel target in psychopharmacology

Touchscreen tasks in mice to demonstrate differences between hippocampal and striatal functions

The effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitor, tiagabine, on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice

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