Spatial memory is improved by aerobic and resistance exercise through divergent molecular mechanisms

Cassilhas, Ricardo Cardoso; Lee, K.S.; Fernandes, Jansen; Oliveira, Maria Gabriela Menezes; Tufik, Sérgio; Meeusen, Romain; Mello, Marco Túlio de

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.029

Cited by 302 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…25,41 These molecular pathway activators culminate in neuroplasticity, as well as decrease apoptosis and oxidative stress. 21 However, no changes in these biomarkers were observed in any of the study groups. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to assess BDNF and IGF-1 levels after 20 weeks of resistance or concurrent exercise in schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Numerous studies have indicated that activation of these pathways improves trophic communication between neurons, thereby improving neuroplasticity. 21 Some studies have shown a connection between unbalance of growth factors and neurotrophins -especially BDNF, IGF-1, and IGF binding protein (IGFBP-3) -and schizophrenia. 22,23 In addition, schizophrenic patients exhibit reduced levels of BDNF and IGF-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

Silva

Cassilhas

Àttux

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of 20 weeks of resistance and concurrent training on psychotic and depressive symptoms, quality of life outcomes, and serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 34 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to one of three groups: control (CTRL, n=13), resistance exercise (RESEX, n=12), or concurrent exercise (CONCEX, n=9). Symptoms, quality of life, strength, and other variables were assessed. Results: A significant time-by-group interaction was found for the RESEX and CONCEX groups on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score for disease symptoms (p = 0.007), positive symptoms (p = 0.003), and on the arm extension one-repetition maximum (1RM) test (p = 0.016). In addition, significant improvements on negative symptoms (p = 0.027), on the role-physical domain of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (p = 0.019), and on the chest press 1RM test (p = 0.040) were observed in the RESEX group. No changes were observed for the other variables investigated. Conclusions: In this sample of patients with schizophrenia, 20 weeks of resistance or concurrent exercise program improved disease symptoms, strength, and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01674543.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

Silva

Cassilhas

Àttux

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…In the brain, FNDC5/irisin expression was demonstrated to increase the expression of brain-derived neurogenic growth factor BDNF. 36 BDNF synthesis and secretion in the hippocampus promotes brain development including neuronal cell survival, differentiation, migration, dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis and plasticity 9 leading to regulation of hippocampal learning and memory. 37 One goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term exercise on cognitive functions in obese and normal weight subject.…”

Section: 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 BDNF is important for synaptic plasticity and hippocampal function involved in learning and memory. 9 The role of irisin in regulating glucose metabolism has been recently discovered. Irisin improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting insulin, and protects diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mouse models.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise Induces Irisin Levels Associated With Improved Cognitive Functions and Glucose Tolerance in Obese and Normal Weight Egyptian Subjects: A 3-Month Interventional Study.

Shehta¹,

Elsaid²,

Raafat³

et al. 2017

IJAR

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Introduction:Cognitive impairment and glucose intolerance are prevalent in obese subjects. Irisin, a recently identified modifier of cognitive functions and glucose metabolism, was reported to be induced by physical exercise. We examined the association of exerciseinduced irisin levels with improved cognitive functions and glucose metabolism in both obese and normal weight subjects. Subjects and Methods: 120 subjects, both males and females, comprised of 60 obese and 60 normal-weight subjects were undergone supervised active aerobic exercises for 3-months. Irisin levels, cognitive functions, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed at the initiation and termination of the study. Results: Obese subjects demonstrated lower irisin levels, impaired cognitive functions and higher insulin as well as HOMA-IR levels compared to the normal weight group. Physical exercise induced significant upregulation of irisin levels together with improvement of cognitive functions and significant reduction of insulin and HOMA-IR levels in both groups. Exercise-induced irisin levels demonstrated significant positive correlations with improved cognitive functions and significant negative correlation with insulin level and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Physical exercise improves cognitive functions and glucose metabolism. Our results suggest that irisin could be an important molecular mediator and therapeutic target for improving cognitive functions and glucose metabolism.

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“…In rats, aerobic exercise training increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), while resistance training exercised rats were found to have higher levels of BDNF [86]. Along with BDNF, IGF-2 may be an important factor in memory processes [87].…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Memory consolidation — Mechanisms and opportunities for enhancement

Shaikh

Coulthard

2013

Translational Neuroscience

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Memory consolidation is the process by which relevant information is selected and transferred from a shortterm, fragile state, into a stable, longer term domain from which it can be recalled. Effective memory underpins our ability to carry out everyday activities. When memory consolidation fails, such as in Alzheimer's disease, the consequences can be devastating. Understanding the neurobiology of memory will help develop treatments for patients with memory loss. Here we describe the myriad processes involved in memory consolidation, including cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission predominantly in hippocampal networks. We discuss established therapies as well as potential novel strategies for boosting cognition. Future approaches to enhancement of memory consolidation include not only pharmacological and neurosurgical treatments, but also lifestyle interventions -for example, modifications to sleep, exercise and diet.

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Spatial memory is improved by aerobic and resistance exercise through divergent molecular mechanisms

Cited by 302 publications

References 68 publications

A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

A 20-week program of resistance or concurrent exercise improves symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a blind, randomized controlled trial

Physical Exercise Induces Irisin Levels Associated With Improved Cognitive Functions and Glucose Tolerance in Obese and Normal Weight Egyptian Subjects: A 3-Month Interventional Study.

Memory consolidation — Mechanisms and opportunities for enhancement

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