“…Lesions or manipulations of the HF in rodents cause spatial learning deficits (Gasbarri et al, 1996;Whishaw et al, 1997;Wilkerson and Levin, 1999), and recordings of hippocampal neurons in rodents have revealed that they fire in a location-specific manner (O' Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971;Wilson and McNaughton, 1993;O'Keefe and Burgess, 1996) in association with external and internal cues (Muller and Kubie, 1987;Wiener et al, 1989;Gothard et al, 1996;Hetherington and Shapiro, 1997;Shapiro et al, 1997;Knierim et al, 1998;Zinyuk et al, 2000;Lever et al, 2002;Leutgeb et al, 2005a,b) or contextual information (Gill and Mizumori, 2006), indicating a role in spatial memory (Wilson and McNaughton, 1993;Leutgeb et al, 2005). In addition, the HF appears to provide a neural representation of physical space, although broader functions have also been suggested (Maguire et al, 1998;Eichenbaum et al, 1999).…”