Spatial Long-Term Memory Retention by Banana and Papaya Peel Extract: In silico and in vivo Evaluation

Abstract

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease is a leading neurodegenerative disorders having serious effect on an individual's occupational potential and quality of life. The natural and nutritional based remedy is continuing interest for neurological disorders; hence an attempt was made to reveal memory enhancing potential of commonly available fruits, by applying the molecular docking studies. Methods: The study was conducted in aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's Wistar albino rats for the period of 28 days. The oral administered animal groups with ethanolic extracts of peels of ripped banana and papaya (200 and 400 mg/ kg, p.o) is comparatively evaluated with positive control rats (donepezil, 1mg/kg. p.o) by behavioural studies like pole climbing test and elevated plus maze test, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Further, interaction of selected leads of banana and papaya peel with selected targets were analysed by Schrodinger Glide software. Results: Memory enhancing effects of peels was supported by shortening of transfer latency (elevated plus maze), increased number of escapes (cooks pole climbing), enhancement of brain tissue antioxidant defensive enzymes such as SOD, Catalase, GSH, reduction of activity of acetylcholine esterase and improvement of histopathological changes. Memory enhancement effect further observed by best docking score and glide energy of selected leads with targets of Alzheimer's disease such as beta secretase and acetylcholine esterase. Conclusion:On the basis of the present study, the results revealed that peel extracts of papaya and banana and used as adjuvant which shows anti-Alzheimer's disease.

The beneficial effect of Pluchea lanceolata on aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats

“…From the Cooks pole climbing apparatus, memory retrieval capacity was determined as the ability of an animal to retain the acquired memory process. It was indicated by the increasing number of avoidance responses (Reddy et al, 2020). Ganga Raju et al, 2020 reported that the time taken to climb the pole was increased in the AlCl3 exposure group and was due to dementia.…”

In silico screening for potential inhibitors from the phytocompounds of Carica papaya against Zika virus NS5 protein

“…Moreover, a few studies have reported its antiviral attributes and immunomodulatory properties, but limited research has explored the specific constituents of C. papaya that exhibit antiviral effects. Previous in silico studies have documented the potential therapeutic effects of papaya in various human diseases, [30][31][32] including an earlier study on identifying inhibitory compounds (e.g., luteolin) that targeted the dengue virus's NS2B/NS3 protease (DENV). 33,34 Given that ZIKV and DENV are members of the same family, we proposed to virtually investigate small molecules from papaya with possible targeting ZIKV NS5 protein domains, and to the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have investigated this possibility.…”

In silico screening for potential inhibitors from the phytocompounds of Carica papaya against Zika virus NS5 protein

“…24 Papaya contains bioactive substances, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which have been reported to exhibit various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. 25,26 Previous in silico studies have documented the potential therapeutic effects of papaya in various human diseases, [27][28][29] including an earlier study on identifying inhibitory compounds (e.g., luteolin) that targeted the dengue virus's NS2B/NS3 protease (DENV). 30,31 Given that ZIKV and DENV are members of the Flaviviridae family, we proposed to virtually investigate small molecules from papaya with possible targeting ZIKV NS5 protein domains, and to the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have investigated this possibility.…”