Spatial localisation: does extraocular muscle proprioception play a role?

Weir, Clifford R.

doi:10.1007/s004170000166

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Although the timing of the updating effect may also be compatible with other sources of information, such as proprioception, saccade‐related information seems to be provided by a corollary discharge signal of the saccadic movement command. Although proprioception plays a role in providing spatial constancy, corollary discharge is much more important (Bridgeman, 1995; Weir, 2000). Post‐saccadic ERP components in earlier studies have also been attributed to incoming corollary discharge or efference copy information in the parietal cortex (Skrandies & Laschke, 1997; Anagnostou et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered processing of corollary discharge in thalamic lesion patients

Bellebaum¹,

Hoffmann

Koch

et al. 2006

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Accumulating evidence suggests that thalamic nuclei relay corollary discharge information of saccadic eye movements, enabling the visual system to update the representation of visual space. The present study aimed to explore the effect of thalamic lesions in humans on updating-related cortical processing. Event-related potentials were recorded while four patients with impairments in using corollary discharge information and 12 healthy control subjects performed a saccadic double-step task. In the experimental condition, which required the use of corollary discharge information, control subjects showed a pronounced positivity over the parietal cortex starting about 150 ms after first saccade onset, reflecting the updating process. In the patients, parietal processing related to updating was altered. Three patients showed evidence of reduced updating event-related potential effects, consistent with a unilateral deficit in using corollary discharge information. In two patients, the event-related potential topography differed significantly from the topography pattern observed in controls. Thalamic damage affects updating-related processing, presumably due to insufficient transfer of saccade-related information to parietal areas. This study thus provides further evidence for thalamic involvement in relaying corollary discharge information related to saccadic eye movements. Our data suggest that integration of corollary discharge and motor information occurs directly before the second saccade in a double-step task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered processing of corollary discharge in thalamic lesion patients

Bellebaum¹,

Hoffmann

Koch

et al. 2006

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…This is thought to be brought about by a form of proprioceptive feedback from both the neck 4 and the extraocular muscles, 5 which relocates the efference copy map to match the amount of head and eye rotation with respect to the body. It is therefore not surprising that patients with neck pathology, 6 squint 5 and restricted eye movements 7 may have a sensation that the visual surroundings are not quite where they think they are, leading to a sense of imbalance and clumsiness. The symptoms are difficult to describe because these are subconscious automatic functions that are disordered.…”

Section: Moving the Visual Mapfneck And Extraocular Muscle Propriocepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive vision, its disorders and differential diagnosis in adults and children: knowing where and what things are

Dutton

2003

Eye

127

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“…Experiments in humans using vibration of muscles have shown that there is an influence from proprioceptors in the postural, neck and eye muscles on the perception of target localization in space (Roll et al. 1989; Weir 2000). The different movement and visual illusions induced by vibration of the lateral rectus muscle are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sensory Function Of Eye Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strabismus and eye muscle function

Lennerstrand

2007

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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. Studies of external eye muscle morphology and physiology are reviewed, with respect to both motor and sensory functions in concomitant strabismus. The eye muscles have a more complex fibre composition than other striated muscle, and they are among the fastest and most fatigue‐resistant muscles in the body. However, it is not generally believed that concomitant strabismus is due to a primary abnormality of the eye muscles or the ocular motor system. The gross anatomy of eye muscles, including the shape and position of the eye muscle pulleys, was not changed in strabismus. The histology of the eye muscle fibres was also basically the same, but changes have been observed in the cellular and biochemical machinery of the fibres, most notably in the singly innervated orbital fibres. Functionally, this was seen as slower contractions and reduced fatigue resistance of eye muscles in animals with strabismus and defects of binocular vision. Most likely the changes represented an adaptation to modified visual demands on the ocular motor control, because of the defects of binocular vision in strabismus from an early age. Adaptation of eye muscle function to visual demands could be seen also in the adult human ocular motor system, but here the effects could be reversed with treatment in some conditions. External eye muscles in the human have sensory organs, muscle spindles and tendon organs, responding to changes in muscle force and length. It is not known how these proprioceptors are used more specifically in ocular motor control, and there is no stretch reflex in the external eye muscles. However, a clear influence on space localization and eye position can be demonstrated with vibratory stimulation of the eye muscles, presumably activating muscle spindles. Different effects were observed in normal subjects and in adult patients with strabismus, which would indicate that the proprioceptive input from one eye of strabismic patients could be suppressed by the other eye, similar to visual suppression in concomitant strabismus. Such an interaction would most likely occur in the visual cortex, and not in the ocular motor system. Further studies of proprioceptive mechanisms, during the postnatal developmental stage and in adult concomitant strabismus may shed light on the mechanisms of childhood strabismus and may, in this respect, be a more fruitful avenue for further research than eye motor studies.

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Spatial localisation: does extraocular muscle proprioception play a role?

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Altered processing of corollary discharge in thalamic lesion patients

Altered processing of corollary discharge in thalamic lesion patients

Cognitive vision, its disorders and differential diagnosis in adults and children: knowing where and what things are

Strabismus and eye muscle function

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