Spatial Inequality in Chile in the Long Run: A Paradox of Extreme Concentration in the Absence of Agglomeration Forces (1890–2017)

Badia-Miró, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47553-6_7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there is no single answer to this question. The historical literature on the determinants of industrial location has examined whether and when location patterns are more connected to factor endowments, such as natural factors linked to raw materials that are essential for the industry (e.g., [4,26]), as suggested by the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem of international trade, or to market access and increasing returns to scale, as predicted by the New Economic Geography (e.g., [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]). However, the emergence of clusters can also be related to historical accidents [34].…”

Section: The Genesis Of Clusters: a Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic and Contingent Factors in the Genesis of Agribusiness Clusters: The Pigmeat Industry in Nineteenth-Century Catalonia

Castell

Ramón-Muñoz

2022

Land

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This paper deals with the location, origins, and early development of clusters and industrial districts in the agribusiness sector. It considers the case of the meat processing industry in the second half of the 19th century in Catalonia, a prosperous southern-European region in the period when this industry emerged. By constructing an index of potential locations at the municipal level, the paper discusses whether, and to what extent, deterministic factors explain the genesis of pigmeat processing clusters. The paper concludes that although deterministic factors need primary consideration, the contingency and non-deterministic factors, particularly human agency, may also play a non-negligible role. As an illustration, this study pays particular attention to the cluster of Vic, which developed around this middle-sized town in central Catalonia. It became a leading meat cluster in early 20th century Spain, despite the fact that it was not better suited to this industry than other Catalan localities where meat companies had also emerged.

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Section: The Genesis Of Clusters: a Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic and Contingent Factors in the Genesis of Agribusiness Clusters: The Pigmeat Industry in Nineteenth-Century Catalonia

Castell

Ramón-Muñoz

2022

Land

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“…Drawing on these premises, the paper intends to investigate if ageing demographic trends also contribute to determining a condition of territorial marginality in a Global South setting. The analysis focuses on Chile, a Latin American country that well represents some of the issues related to ageing, marginality and territorial inequality: it is a rapidly ageing country, with the highest presence of elderly inhabitants in the regioncurrently 10.6% of the population, while by 2050 one third of the Chilean inhabitants are expected to be aged 65+; (United Nations 2017); it is a highly unequal country, where economic activities and wealth show high levels of spatial concentration (Aroca et al 2018, Badia-Miró 2020; and it is a country prone to marginality, due not only to its peculiar geography but also to the strong institutional centralisation (Orellana et al 2016). Other Latin American countries have high shares of urban population and also show similar ageing trends, as in the case of Uruguay (14.9% of the population is aged 65+) and Brazil (9.3%) (United Nations 2019); nonetheless, these countries are less centralised than Chile or, as in the case of Uruguay, have undergone decentralisation processes (Ruiz Díaz 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, therefore marginal: demographic trends and institutional capacity in marginal Chilean municipalities

Vecchio

2022

REGION

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In Global South countries, ageing is an incoming phenomenon with socio-spatial implications that are not much explored yet. Global North countries are already facing ageing trends with significant territorial consequences, such as declining populations that contribute to making certain areas marginal. However, different factors may determine the marginality of a municipality or a region in other settings. Drawing on these premises, the paper discusses whether ageing demographic trends contribute to territorial marginality also in a Global South setting. The paper focuses on the case of Chile, a country characterised by significant territorial inequalities and a population that is becoming older. In doing so, it has a twofold purpose: first, examine census data to define what areas are currently experiencing a demographic decline and if these correspond to the areas that national policies define as marginal; second, examine official documents to consider to what extent both national policies and local development plans define ageing as an element of marginality. The decline of population in Chile defines a geography of marginality that complements and expands the one defined in policy strategies, including more areas. In contrast, institutions at different levels are only partially prepared for dealing with the socio-spatial implications of an increasingly older population.

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“…Hoy en día, las personas que viven en una sociedad globalizada deben interactuar cada vez más con situaciones que son parte del ámbito financiero, con el propósito de lograr una mayor integración social. Esto es una motivación para que la comunidad educativa genere procesos de enseñanza que propicien el uso de conceptos financieros en situaciones que formen parte de la realidad de las personas, para así contribuir a fortalecer su alfabetización financiera, la cual debiera desarrollarse en los programas de estudio obligatorios de cualquier sociedad, sobre todo en aquellas sociedades que viven con agudas desigualdades socioeconómicas (Baria-Miró, 2020). Por ejemplo, datos entregados por la OCDE (2015), señalan que, a pesar del fuerte crecimiento económico que ha tenido Chile, en cuestión riquezas, se ha mantenido con un alto nivel de desigualdad, la cual ha ido pasando de generación tras generación, lo que disminuye, resolver problemas financieros no-rutinarios (OCDE, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Tránsitos al ajustar modelos matemáticos interdisciplinares: el caso de la alfabetización financiera

2022

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[Objetivo] El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los tipos de tránsitos en un ciclo de modelación que estudiantes chilenos realizaron en una tarea interdisciplinar de modelación matemática. [Metodología] Para responder al objetivo de investigación planteado, la metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativa, y consistió en un estudio de caso en donde se implementó una tarea de modelación matemática, basada en el ciclo de modelación de Blum-Borromeo, a 5 estudiantes de último año de secundaria de un colegio privado de Chile. El diseño de la tarea incorporó componentes presentes en los programas de estudio de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, Matemáticas y las cuatro competencias propuestas por OCDE en términos de Educación Financiera. [Resultados] Como resultado de la investigación, se tuvo que los estudiantes realizaron 3 diferentes tipos de tránsito en el ciclo de modelación, que han sido relacionados con su nivel de alfabetización financiera: el primer tránsito, basado en ajustes en el modelo real; el segundo tránsito, basado en ajustes desde los resultados reales, y el tercer tránsito, basado en ajustes en el modelo real, a partir de los resultados reales. Con base en estos resultados, se llevó a cabo una discusión acerca de los niveles de alfabetización financiera de los estudiantes. [Conclusiones] Se concluyó que tareas de modelación interdisciplinares como las presentadas en esta investigación son entornos adecuados para desarrollar los niveles de alfabetización financiera de los estudiantes.

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Spatial Inequality in Chile in the Long Run: A Paradox of Extreme Concentration in the Absence of Agglomeration Forces (1890–2017)

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Deterministic and Contingent Factors in the Genesis of Agribusiness Clusters: The Pigmeat Industry in Nineteenth-Century Catalonia

Deterministic and Contingent Factors in the Genesis of Agribusiness Clusters: The Pigmeat Industry in Nineteenth-Century Catalonia

Ageing, therefore marginal: demographic trends and institutional capacity in marginal Chilean municipalities

Tránsitos al ajustar modelos matemáticos interdisciplinares: el caso de la alfabetización financiera

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