Spatial Indicators to Evaluate Urban Fragmentation in Basilicata Region

Saganeiti, Lucia; Pilogallo, Angela; Scorza, Francesco; Mussuto, Giovanni; Murgante, Beniamino

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95174-4_8

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The regional territory was characterized, to the greatest extent, by a fragmentation degree varying from low, in the first case, to medium-low in the second case. These results show consistency with those obtained using the density index of aggregates (DA) [17], where most municipalities showed a low degree of fragmentation in both variation between 1950 and 1989 and between 1989 and 2013.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…If the rural landscape is the main area where the impact of urban sprinkling phenomena generates problems, from our research perspective [17], it was relevant to consider the fragmentation process of the natural landscape. We considered two main components: the disappearance of natural environments and reduction of their surface, and the progressive insularization and redistribution of residual environments in space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Urban Fragmentation at Regional Scale Using Sprinkling Indexes

et al. 2018

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Artificial land use trends could represent an effective indicator of the settlement process quality and could also provide information about the efficacy of protection and exploitation policies in natural and rural areas. This work discusses an analytic procedure for the time series investigation of urban settlement development at the regional scale to verify the nexus between urban growth and demographic trends connected with the phenomenon of land take. In Italy, since 1950, the land take phenomenon has been a consequence of several factors: urbanization, realization of transport infrastructures including ports, airports, and highways, and the enhancement of industrial and productive systems. We analyzed all these territorial transformations that create waterproof soil, and more generally, a transition from natural and semi-natural uses toward artificial land use. After World War II, the demographic growth and the consequent housing demand generated a strong urbanization process in the main poles of economic development areas in Italy. Since the early 2000s, the situation has completely changed and the land take phenomenon is no longer mainly based on real need for new urban expansion areas based on effective urban planning tools, but is strongly related to a scattered demand for new housing in a weak territorial spatial planning system not able to drive effective urban development that minimizes speculative real estate initiatives. This uncontrolled occupation of soil generated, in Italy, a landscape fragmentation called the urban sprinkling phenomenon, different from urban sprawl, which is a wider phenomenon characterized by disordered urban growth. The present document aims to assess how uncontrolled expansion in areas characterized by low settlement density can generate fragmentation. To define if the territory is affected by the urban sprinkling phenomenon, two 50-year time series concerning urban expansion of buildings and demographic trends are analyzed calculating population and building density indices and their variation over the years. The sprinkling index is used to analyze the variation in the fragmentation degree at two different scales (regional and municipal). Finally, we discuss the context where this phenomenon has developed, analyzing the buildings located in hydrogeological risk zones and protected areas, and the correlation between demographic changes and the degree of territorial fragmentation variation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Urban Fragmentation at Regional Scale Using Sprinkling Indexes

et al. 2018

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“…If sprawl means "the spreading of urban developments (such as residential and commercial areas) over undeveloped land near cities", "sprinkling" expresses "scattered drop-or speck-like distribution". Sprinkling is a type of settlement that has already been experimentally classified using ad hoc indicators too [31][32][33][34][35] it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprinkling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italy without Urban ‘Sprinkling’. A Uchronia for a Country that Needs a Retrofit of Its Urban and Landscape Planning

2019

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The research presented in the work is linked to important production of data over 10 years of activity that allowed us to trace the configuration of Italian urban settlements in the 1950s. Starting from this information, the paper puts forward a uchronian reconstruction of the physiognomy of the national territory asking if—instead of the weak urban development policies implemented for over half a century—a more purposeful method of planning and designing settlements had been chosen in the Sixties to favor their aggregation and protect the country’s huge landscape heritage. From the model used, important indications emerge for control and management of retrofit (de-sprinkling) policies of which the need has been felt in recent years, as suggested by repeated messages from European bodies, the scientific community, associations and some politicians. The uchronic scenario is constructed starting from the settlement configuration of the 1950s, developing a model of maximum aggregation for the urbanized parts that were intervened in between this period and 2000, simulating a geography that maintains the quantities of soil transformed over the last 50 years. It emerges from the processing of the data that the Italian territory would have retained its low settlement density areas almost intact at the same level as in the 50s, that is to say 73% of the entire peninsular territory. It would also have preserved a large part of its free peninsular and insular coastline at about 60–70%, against the present day 45%.

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“…Concerning the building stocks, the dataset was collected on the basis of the regional technical map [30] and dataset deriving from previous works [14,22] carried out on the same study area and considering the same time intervals of the RES. The classification of wind turbines according to power output provides a clear picture of the current status of the study area in the three periods.…”

Section: Dataset Constructingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial Fragmentation and Renewable Energy Source Plants: Which Relationship?

et al. 2020

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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are part of the solution to tackle the global problems of climate change and carbon emissions. Programs and policies at different levels are continuing to promote new RES farms, posing a relevant challenge to regional planners and administrators: how to manage landscape transformation and territorial fragmentation to find a really effective sustainable arrangement for these kinds of technologies? Most effects induced by RES (land-use change, land take, diminishing aesthetic values, loss of habitat quality), without a doubt, depend on the location and the spatial pattern of the plants, the relative distance between them, the extension of secondary infrastructures and their technical characteristics. This work takes part in the debate, originating from the need to establish a monitoring system for this kind of new territorial transformation and discusses the implementation of a sprinkling fragmentation index (SPX) in order to assess the current regional settlement structure of RES farms. Our case study concerns the Basilicata region (in Southern Italy), a very low-density area which over the last decade has undergone a relevant increase in the installation of RES technologies, not supported by an effective planning framework. The evolution of the regional energy system has been strongly influenced both by incentive policies and by (weak) urban and territorial planning policies. This approach could be a valuable contribution both in identifying a fragmentation threshold beyond which the expected negative impacts outweigh the benefits, and in providing a useful procedure for the management of future installations.RES-related impacts already analyzed in recent scientific literature [5][6][7][8][9] are: change in land use, land take, natural habitat fragmentation, aesthetic impacts and micro-climate alteration.RES development is growing rapidly [10] and such a condition is one of the main causes of the lack of integration between energy planning (that in the Italian experience has been promoted without a clear analysis of the spatial dimension of the phenomena) and the urban and territorial planning system, traditionally unsuitable to be adapted in the short run to include arising instances that derive from new territorial transformation trends [11,12].At the moment, this type of transformation is regulated in a fragmented and sectorial way, with consequences that at a local level, risk being completely neglected and obscured by the global need to tackle climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Such an issue highlights the need for an integrated territorial monitoring system allowing decision makers to provide effective policy making and governance of a territorial transformation able to demonstrate the sustainability of the results from the dual perspective of both global needs and preservation of local values.This work fits into the debate by testing the sprinkling index (SPX) [13], which has already been successful in representing the territorial fragmentation thanks to a di...

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Spatial Indicators to Evaluate Urban Fragmentation in Basilicata Region

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Assessing Urban Fragmentation at Regional Scale Using Sprinkling Indexes

Assessing Urban Fragmentation at Regional Scale Using Sprinkling Indexes

Italy without Urban ‘Sprinkling’. A Uchronia for a Country that Needs a Retrofit of Its Urban and Landscape Planning

Territorial Fragmentation and Renewable Energy Source Plants: Which Relationship?

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