Spatial Incorporation of Multiple Immigrant Groups in Gateway Cities: Comparative Analysis of Sydney, Barcelona, and Prague

Abstract

Immigrant incorporation in cities is often explained using the theories of spatial and segmented assimilation, which differ, among other things, in their approach to the spatial aspects of incorporation. However, empirical evidence about immigrant spatial incorporation from both theories is ambiguous, since most case studies focus on a single location and a limited number of immigrant groups, which hampers their external validity. Nonetheless, the level of immigrant spatial incorporation depends heavily on the characteristics of immigrant groups, the destination context, and the interplay between them. Therefore, we compared the spatial incorporation of 143 immigrant groups in Sydney, 54 in Barcelona, and 95 in Prague. These three cities differ greatly in their immigration histories, since each represents a different stage of the migration cycle. By employing both traditional and advanced quantitative methods, we show that immigrant spatial incorporation patterns vary considerably across groups and destination cities, with cultural proximity and the maturity of the immigration system among the key determinants. These findings imply that geographical context has a substantial potential to affect the immigrant spatial incorporation.

Theories of Migration: Sociological and Conceptual Dilemmas

“…Although migration, whether internal or international, is not an invention of modern times, the volume and significance of the migratory movements have noticeably grown with industrialization, colonialism, and lately with the globalization of the world economic system and with the improvement of the transport and communication technology (Castles et al, 2014). However, the systematic studies of the migratory movements have emerged in modern times (Greenwood & Hunt, 2003).. Reasons, patterns, and trends of migration, characteristics of migrants, migratory processes, and the impact of migration on both the sending and receiving areas, and the problems of immigrants become subjects of various academic disciplines including demography (Hanson et al,2023), geography (Hasman & Křížková, 2023), history ( Van Mol & de Valk,2016), economics(OECD/ILO (2018), political science (de Haas et al, 2019), anthropology, and sociology (Horevitz, 2009.,Scholten, 2022., Laubenthal,2023. The field of migration studies has remained a surprisingly under-theorized area of social inquiry.…”