Spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity of ambient air pollutants in Tehran

Faridi, Sasan; Niazi, Sadegh; Yousefian, Fatemeh; Azimi, Faramarz; Pasalari, Hasan; Momeniha, Fatemeh; Mokammel, Adel; Gholampour, Akbar; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Naddafi, Kazem

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134123

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In fact, an increase of 5.0 µg m -3 (20.4%) and 9.0 µg m -3 (15.7%) in average concentrations of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 was experienced during the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in comparison to the same period of last year in Tehran. As the most polluted AQMS in Tehran according to our previous study (Faridi et al, 2019), Shad abad ambient air monitoring station recorded the average concentrations of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 equal to 37.6 and 89.5 µg m -3 in the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, whereas these figures for ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 28.4 and 70.1 µg m -3 in the same period of last year, respectively. Zone 2 AQMS in north of the city which normally recorded the lowest amount of pollutants (Faridi et al, 2019) experienced a noticeable increase of nearly 75.5% and 49.0% in the average concentrations for ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 over the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak compared to the same period of last year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…As the most polluted AQMS in Tehran according to our previous study (Faridi et al, 2019), Shad abad ambient air monitoring station recorded the average concentrations of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 equal to 37.6 and 89.5 µg m -3 in the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, whereas these figures for ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 28.4 and 70.1 µg m -3 in the same period of last year, respectively. Zone 2 AQMS in north of the city which normally recorded the lowest amount of pollutants (Faridi et al, 2019) experienced a noticeable increase of nearly 75.5% and 49.0% in the average concentrations for ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 over the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak compared to the same period of last year. SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused a significant increase equal to 3.0 and 5.0 µg m -3 in ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 average concentrations days is presented in Tables 1-3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…1) belonging to the Tehran Air Quality Control Company for the period of 20 February-2 April 2020 as the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and 20 February-3 April 2019 as the same period of last year. The air quality data processing was conducted based on our previous publications elsewhere (Faridi et al, 2018(Faridi et al, , 2019Yousefian et al, 2020). After air quality data processing, 15 and 16 eligible AQMSs were used to calculate the averages of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Tehran at the city level, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were compared in three defined scenarios as follows: 1) the period between 20 February 2020 and 19 March 2020 (the first month of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran) in comparison to the same period of last year (20 February-20 March 2019); 2) Nowruz Iranian New Year holidays from 20 March 2020 to 2 April 2020 compared to 21 March-3 April 2019 and 3) during the whole study period, 20 February-2 April 2020, in comparison to 20 February-3 April 2019. In addition to the comparing of the results at the city level, we investigated the aforementioned scenarios at two stations with the highest (Shad abad) and lowest (Zone 2) ambient air particulate matter concentrations (Faridi et al, 2019). To validate the results of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on ambient air PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Tehran, the most important meteorological parameters, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, precipitation and the number of rainy days, were investigated at three mentioned scenarios during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in comparison to the same period of last year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Ambient Air Particulate Matter in Tehran

Faridi

Yousefian

Niazi

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has indirectly produced both positive and negative effects on the environment, particularly in terms of air quality. Our study aimed to determine these effects in the city of Tehran by comparing the ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels recorded at 22 air quality monitoring stations during the outbreak (20 February-2 April 2020) with those from the corresponding period last year (20 February-3 April 2019). Contrary to expectation, the average concentrations of both the PM 2.5 and the PM 10 were markedly higher during the former, increasing by 20.5% and 15.7%, respectively, for the first month of the outbreak (20 February-19 March 2020) and by 23.5% and 20.0% for the subsequent Nowruz New Year holidays (from late March till early April), which resulted in overall increases of 20.5% and 16.5% for the entire period. The non-integrated responses to the pandemic, including the failure to close administrative centers and, in particular, the recommendation to maintain social distancing by reducing public transportation use (prompting citizens to travel by private vehicle), have worsened the ambient air quality in Tehran, providing an exceptional opportunity to evaluate the direct/indirect influence of air quality policies and emission control measures on PM 2.5 and PM 10 . Because of the significant association between the lethality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and exposure to ambient air pollution, the rise in airborne PM 2.5 during this outbreak may increase the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Ambient Air Particulate Matter in Tehran

Faridi

Yousefian

Niazi

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Tehran as the capital and most populous city of Iran has faced intense ambient air pollution, particularly criteria air pollutants (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO), in the last two decades due to unsustainable development of industrialization and urbanization, the ever-growing automotive fleet and their emissions alongside ineffective national ambient air quality standards and Middle Eastern dust storm [3][4][5][6] . In fact, ambient air pollution in Tehran has become one of the most challenging environmental issues for Iranian central government, authorities, policy-makers, Tehran citizens, national and international researchers 3,[7][8][9] . It is estimated that approximately 98% of CO, 75% of PM 2.5 and 46% of NO X are emitted from mobile sources in Tehran 4,10 , confirming the need for appropriate sustainable control policies and regulations against vehicular traffic, such as mandatory applying state-of-the-art technologies to reduce road traffic-related emissions, and more effective and serious implementation of transportation policies 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Yousefian

Faridi

Azimi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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124

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We investigated temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and the influences of meteorological parameters on their concentrations using a robust method; convergent cross mapping; in Tehran (2012-2017). Tehran citizens were consistently exposed to annual PM 2.5 , PM 10 and no 2 approximately 3.0-4.5, 3.5-4.5 and 1.5-2.5 times higher than the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels during the period. Except for O 3 , all air pollutants demonstrated the lowest and highest concentrations in summertime and wintertime, respectively. The highest O 3 concentrations were found on weekend (weekend effect), whereas other ambient air pollutants had statistically significant (P < 0.05) daily variations in which higher concentrations were observed on weekdays compared to weekend (holiday effect). Hourly O 3 concentration reached its peak at 3.00 p.m., though other air pollutants displayed two peaks; morning and late night. Approximately 45% to 65% of AQI values were in the subcategory of unhealthy for sensitive groups and PM 2.5 was the responsible air pollutant in Tehran. Amongst meteorological factors, temperature was the key influencing factor for PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations, while nebulosity and solar radiation exerted major influences on ambient SO 2 and o 3 concentrations. Additionally, there is a moderate coupling between wind speed and NO 2 and CO concentrations.

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