Spatial holeburning effects on the dynamics of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser diodes

Valle, A.; Sarma, J.; Shore, K.A.

doi:10.1109/3.400393

Cited by 179 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The appearance of higher order modes and their dynamical behavior has been experimentally shown by Giudici et al with the help of a streak camera [9]. These near-field emission intensity images obtained by a streak camera are limited to a spatially one dimensional resolution, allowing to detect the dynamical spectral evolution, however not to analyze interaction between modes and other spatial mechanisms that are theoretically supposed to play an important role in the modal distribution and the emission dynamic [18], [20].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Underlying Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond emission dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: Spatial, spectral, and polarization-resolved characterization

Barchanski

Gensty

Degen

et al. 2003

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We present two-dimensional (2-D) spatially and picosecond-resolved measurements of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers' emission, unveiling their rich dynamics, manifesting itself in temporal changes of the modal, polarization, spectral, and spatial characteristics. The measurements providing insight into the repetitive part of the dynamics were performed with a newly developed experimental technique. In addition, we present the first 2-D, spatially resolved, single-shot event measurements which provide a full complementary picture of the dynamical behavior. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed with respect to spatio-spectral interaction mechanisms of carriers and photons, explaining the observed behavior.

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Section: Analysis Of the Underlying Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond emission dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: Spatial, spectral, and polarization-resolved characterization

Barchanski

Gensty

Degen

et al. 2003

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…This is primarily due to the modulation instability (MI) arising from strong nonlinear effects within the cavity [2,3] and due to the absence of any intrinsic transverse mode selection mechanism. Moreover, the nonlinear destabilizing effects such as selffocusing, filamentation and spatial hole burning are dramatically enhanced with increasing pump power [4][5][6]. As a result, the output power of these lasers is severely restricted, limiting their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of flat-mirror vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers by spatiotemporal modulation of the pump profile

et al. 2015

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We propose and demonstrate theoretically that Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) with external flat mirrors can be stabilized by applying a periodic spatio-temporal modulation of the pump current. Such pump modulation is shown to suppress the pattern-forming instabilities (modulation instabilities), which eventually results in stable beam emission. A modified Floquet linear stability analysis is used to characterize the dynamics of the modulated system and to evaluate its stabilization performance. Stability maps identify the regions in parameter space for complete and partial stabilization of VECSELs operating in different regimes depending on the external cavity length. In particular, the stabilization method is shown to operate most efficiently in Class-A laser limit (for relatively long VECSEL resonators) while it becomes ineffective in Class-B laser limit (for relatively short resonators). The stabilization effect is further confirmed through direct integration of the dynamical equations.

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“…Energy transfer through evanescent coupling has been demonstrated 20 and modeled 21 for closely located nanowires. To verify the coupling effect in our nanowire-pairs, we shortened the overlapping length of two nanowires, and then selectively pumped one nanowire and observed the emission from the other one.…”

Section: Single Mode Nanowire Laser Through Couple Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overlapping of all sets of longitude modes leads to an uneven spectral map for possible lasing wavelengths. In addition, mode competition [19] and the spatial hole-burning effect [20] selectively support certain modes and shape the uneven-spaced lasing spectrum. We note that the spectral spacing shown in Figure 9 is much smaller than the predicted FSR of ~1.53 nm for a single transverse-mode operation (using n g =5.6 [21], D=370 nm and L=8 µm for the calculation), which further verifies the multiple transverse-mode operation of the laser.…”

Section: Single Mode Nanowire Laser Through Couple Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofabrication of tunable nanowire lasers via electron and ion-beam based techniques.

Wang¹,

Wright²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

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GaN nanowires were created from planar GaN epilayers using a top-down fabrication technique consisting of a dry etch followed by an anisotropic wet etch. The GaN nanowires are m-plane bounded with tightly-controlled dimensions. Single-mode lasing was achieved with GaN nanowire with 130 nm diameter and 5 μm length. Numerical simulations based on a multimode laser theory indicate that the suppression of transverse and longitudinal side-modes is caused by strong mode competition and narrow gain bandwidth. For multiple mode GaN nanowire lasers with large diameter, we demonstrated that coupled nanowire pairs provide a mode selection mechanism through Vernier effect and become single mode lasers. Moreover, transverse-mode suppression and single-mode lasing is demonstrated in GaN nanowires in contact with gold substrates, which introduces an attenuation effect to the cavity modes. The finite-difference timedomain simulations confirm the absorption effect, which give rise to a mode selection mechanism for realizing single mode operation. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Spatial holeburning effects on the dynamics of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser diodes

Cited by 179 publications

References 19 publications

Picosecond emission dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: Spatial, spectral, and polarization-resolved characterization

Picosecond emission dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: Spatial, spectral, and polarization-resolved characterization

Stabilization of flat-mirror vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers by spatiotemporal modulation of the pump profile

Nanofabrication of tunable nanowire lasers via electron and ion-beam based techniques.

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