Spatial heterogeneity strongly affects estimates of ecosystem metabolism in two north temperate lakes

Bogert, Matthew C. Van de; Bade, Darren L.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Cole, Jonathan J.; Pace, Michael L.; Hanson, Paul C.; Langman, Owen

doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.6.1689

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Some regime shifts may involve mechanisms that obscure signals of declining resilience in aggregated system variables like NEP (31), but measurement error or other sources of noise could have a similar effect. In lakes, estimates of GPP, R, and NEP often exhibit high day-to-day variability (32,33) and are often poorly correlated with potential driver variables (34,35). Sensor measurements are subject to measurement errors related to spatial heterogeneity and other processes (32,36,37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Batt

Carpenter

Cole

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Environmental sensor networks are developing rapidly to assess changes in ecosystems and their services. Some ecosystem changes involve thresholds, and theory suggests that statistical indicators of changing resilience can be detected near thresholds. We examined the capacity of environmental sensors to assess resilience during an experimentally induced transition in a wholelake manipulation. A trophic cascade was induced in a planktivoredominated lake by slowly adding piscivorous bass, whereas a nearby bass-dominated lake remained unmanipulated and served as a reference ecosystem during the 4-y experiment. In both the manipulated and reference lakes, automated sensors were used to measure variables related to ecosystem metabolism (dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a concentration) and to estimate gross primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem production. Thresholds were detected in some automated measurements more than a year before the completion of the transition to piscivore dominance. Directly measured variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a concentration) related to ecosystem metabolism were better indicators of the approaching threshold than were the estimates of rates (gross primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem production); this difference was likely a result of the larger uncertainties in the derived rate estimates. Thus, relatively simple characteristics of ecosystems that were observed directly by the sensors were superior indicators of changing resilience. Models linked to thresholds in variables that are directly observed by sensor networks may provide unique opportunities for evaluating resilience in complex ecosystems.regime shift | alternative stable states | early warning signals | sonde | high-frequency time series

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Batt

Carpenter

Cole

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Both horizontal (littoral to pelagic) and vertical (depth of water column) positioning of DO sensors within a lake will influence metabolism estimates, due to a potentially high degree of spatial variability (Van de Bogert et al 2012). We note that it is unlikely that the epilimnion of Lake Sunapee is completely homogenized longitudinally because of its complex basin morphometry (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advances in high-frequency dissolved oxygen sensor technology (e.g., Staehr et al 2012;Weathers et al 2013), increased metabolism model complexity, and use of parametric statistical techniques (van de Bogert et al 2007;Hanson et al 2008) have improved the spatial and temporal resolution of metabolism estimates. These advances have enabled new discoveries about the role of lakes in the global C cycle (e.g., Solomon et al 2013), controls on metabolism (Hoellein et al 2013), and spatial variability of metabolism within lakes (Van de Bogert et al 2012). Furthermore, these rapidly-developing techniques have facilitated investigation of the variability of metabolism at finely-resolved spatial (Klug et al 2012; Van de Bogert et al 2012) and temporal (Hanson et al 2008;Solomon et al 2013) scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These advances have enabled new discoveries about the role of lakes in the global C cycle (e.g., Solomon et al 2013), controls on metabolism (Hoellein et al 2013), and spatial variability of metabolism within lakes (Van de Bogert et al 2012). Furthermore, these rapidly-developing techniques have facilitated investigation of the variability of metabolism at finely-resolved spatial (Klug et al 2012; Van de Bogert et al 2012) and temporal (Hanson et al 2008;Solomon et al 2013) scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

et al. 2016

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Lakes are sentinels of change in the landscapes in which they are located. Changes in lake function are reflected in whole-system metabolism, which integrates ecosystem processes across spatial and temporal scales. Recent improvements in high-frequency open-water metabolism modeling techniques have enabled estimation of rates of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) at high temporal resolution. However, few studies have examined metabolic rates over daily to multi-year temporal scales, especially in oligotrophic ecosystems. Here, we modified a metabolism modeling technique to reveal substantial intra-and interannual variability in metabolic rates in Lake Sunapee, a temperate, oligotrophic lake in New Hampshire, USA. Annual GPP and R increased each summer, paralleling increases in littoral, but not pelagic, total phosphorus concentrations. Storms temporarily decoupled GPP and R, resulting in greater decreases in GPP than R. Daily rates of GPP and R were positively correlated on warm days that had stable water columns, and metabolism model fits were best on warm, sunny days, indicating the importance of lake physics when evaluating metabolic rates. These metabolism data span a range of temporal scales and together suggest that Lake Sunapee may be moving toward mesotrophy. We suggest that functional, integrative metrics, such as metabolic rates, are useful indicators and sentinels of ecosystem change. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using high-frequency measurements to elucidate the drivers and consequences of intra-and inter-annual variability in metabolic rates, especially in oligotrophic lakes.

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“…Sensor data, together with long-term data from traditional sampling paradigms, "book end" the time scales that can be observed directly. From high-frequency data, we have learned about temporal dynamics (Sadro et al 2011, Laas et al 2012, Solomon et al 2013) and spatial heterogeneity in lake dynamics; metabolism , Van de Bogert et al 2012) and how lake metabolism responds to management actions (Dunalska et al 2014); and how and over what time period natural disturbances, such as typhoons (Tsai et al 2008) and hurricanes (Klug et al 2012), affect lake ecosystem function. High-frequency data have also improved our understanding of lake energy budgets, mixing regimes, and the processes that govern gas flux between lakes and the atmosphere ).…”

Section: Multiscale Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networked lake science: how the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) works to understand, predict, and communicate lake ecosystem response to global change

2016

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The Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) has built an international, grassroots network of scientists and citizens, data, and lake observatories to advance understanding of lake ecosystems. Through careful attention to the professional needs and aspirations of a community, GLEON has formed as its foundation the trust and respect essential to product-based network science. As a consequence, GLEON is making significant advancements in lake ecosystem understanding through all "five legs of the table that support scientific understanding"-natural history, multiscale data, experiments, theory, and comparative studies-with particular emphasis on multiscale data and comparative studies. Technical products, such as cyberinfrastructure in support of network data and operations, software tools for calculating lake physical metrics (e.g., thermocline depth, buoyancy frequency, Schmidt stability), and lake metabolism, as well as ecosystem-scale numerical simulation software, have derived from GLEON collaborations and have become community resources catalyzing interdisciplinary science. Education and outreach initiatives have served to engage citizens from outside the traditional boundaries of academia directly in research. Moreover, these cross-boundary collaborations have provided essential links to lake and reservoir stakeholders who have informed how science is prioritized and communicated within GLEON. As a grassroots network, GLEON derives its momentum, flexibility, and impact from its talented members, who are committed to the future sustainability of lakes and reservoirs and the services they provide.

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Spatial heterogeneity strongly affects estimates of ecosystem metabolism in two north temperate lakes

Cited by 82 publications

References 35 publications

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Intra- and inter-annual variability in metabolism in an oligotrophic lake

Networked lake science: how the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) works to understand, predict, and communicate lake ecosystem response to global change

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