Spatial-frequency multiplexing of high-sensitivity liquid level sensors based on multimode interference micro-fibers

Galarza, Marko; Pérez-Herrera, Rosa Ana; Leandro, Daniel; Judez, A.; López-Amo, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2020.111985

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Wavelength demodulation is the most common demodulation scheme in sensing systems and has a high universality. However, the sensing accuracy is limited, so it is necessary to use phase demodulation with higher demodulation accuracy in subsequent studies in order to improve the measurement accuracy [23]. Table I compares the liquid level sensing performance of the sensor demonstrated in this paper with the other fiber optic sensors.…”

Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Liquid Level Sensor Based on the Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic MZI

et al. 2022

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We demonstrated a high-sensitivity liquid level sensor based on the balloon-shaped fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). To make an optical fiber MZI sensor, a bare single mode fiber (SMF) is bent into a balloon shape. The sensor is attached to a stiff support and linked to a buoyancy ball floating on the liquid surface via a thin thread. The change in liquid level will bend the fiber and lead to a wavelength shift of transmission spectrum. This is a novel method of measuring liquid levels. We comprehensively studied the sensing performance of the sensor, and applied the ridge regression algorithm to optimize the fitting results of the experimental data. The maximum sensitivity of liquid level and temperature are 5.245 nm/mm and 40.3 pm/°C respectively, and the sensor has a low temperature cross-sensitivity of 0.00768 mm/°C. Furthermore, the sensor has the advantages of real-time response, convenient manufacture, low cost and high reliability, which broadens the application area of balloon-shaped MZI and makes it appropriate for liquid level sensing.

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Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Sensitivity Liquid Level Sensor Based on the Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic MZI

et al. 2022

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“…An example of spatial frequency multiplexing is given in [ 90 ] where three sensors are multiplexed in the same channel of the interrogator. Multiplexing these sensors in series is possible because the spatial frequency is dependent on the width of the micro-fiber, and each sensor uses a micro-fiber with a distinct width.…”

Section: Optical Fiber Sensing Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Networks: Overview of the Main Principles and Applications

Pendão

Silva

2022

Sensors

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Optical fiber sensors present several advantages in relation to other types of sensors. These advantages are essentially related to the optical fiber properties, i.e., small, lightweight, resistant to high temperatures and pressure, electromagnetically passive, among others. Sensing is achieved by exploring the properties of light to obtain measurements of parameters, such as temperature, strain, or angular velocity. In addition, optical fiber sensors can be used to form an Optical Fiber Sensing Network (OFSN) allowing manufacturers to create versatile monitoring solutions with several applications, e.g., periodic monitoring along extensive distances (kilometers), in extreme or hazardous environments, inside structures and engines, in clothes, and for health monitoring and assistance. Most of the literature available on this subject focuses on a specific field of optical sensing applications and details their principles of operation. This paper presents a more broad overview, providing the reader with a literature review that describes the main principles of optical sensing and highlights the versatility, advantages, and different real-world applications of optical sensing. Moreover, it includes an overview and discussion of a less common architecture, where optical sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are integrated to harness the benefits of both worlds.

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“…Nan et al used a suspended-core microstructure optical fiber sensor for temperature measurement with a low sensitivity of −0.011 rad/°C on the basis of phase demodulation [19]. Galarza et al proposed a new liquid-level sensor multiplexed system on the basis of multimode interference microfibers with a sensitivity of 11.4 rad/mm [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

Ling

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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This study firstly proposes and experimentally demonstrates a phase demodulation method with high sensitivity for interferometric fiber sensors (IFSs) on the basis of the fast Fourier transform of a wavenumber domain. The phase information of IFSs triggered by changes in environmental parameters is obtained by calculating the initial phase variation of a specific Fourier-transformed spatial frequency. Theoretically, phase sensitivity can be improved by n times when the optical path difference (OPD) of a spatial frequency peak is increased by a multiple (n times) of the OPD of other spatial frequency domain peaks. To verify the method experimentally, this study designed a large laterally offset spliced sensor formed by common singlemode fibers on the basis of mode interference. The sensing characteristics of temperature and strain in each set of two-beam interference are analyzed simultaneously by calculating the phase sensitivities of the frequency domain peaks. Furthermore, the highest reported temperature and strain sensitivities of 0.0795 rad/°C and −0.0088 rad/με, respectively, with good repeatability are realized.

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Spatial-frequency multiplexing of high-sensitivity liquid level sensors based on multimode interference micro-fibers

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

High-Sensitivity Liquid Level Sensor Based on the Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic MZI

High-Sensitivity Liquid Level Sensor Based on the Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic MZI

Optical Fiber Sensors and Sensing Networks: Overview of the Main Principles and Applications

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

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