Spatial Fingerprint of Younger Dryas Cooling and Warming in Eastern North America

Fastovich, David; Russell, James M.; Jackson, Stephen T.; Krause, Teresa R.; Marcott, Shaun A.; Williams, John W.

doi:10.1029/2020gl090031

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…To help constrain the synoptic patterns of such climate variations, we used fossil pollen to reconstruct Holocene changes in the LTG over eastern North America. In this region, changes in the LTG during the Pleistocene and early-Holocene depended on the state of the North Atlantic (Fastovich et al, 2020;Levesque et al, 1997;Ruddiman & McIntyre, 1981) and later on the demise of the Laurentide ice sheet and its glacial anti-cyclone (COHMAP, 1988;Shuman et al, 2002). Additional less well diagnosed changes continued into the mid-and late-Holocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Millennial-Scale Oscillation in Latitudinal Temperature Gradients along the Western North Atlantic during the Mid-Holocene

Shuman

Stefanescu

Grigg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Changes in vegetation in North America indicate Holocene shifts in the latitudinal temperature gradient along the western margin of the North Atlantic. The dynamics of tree taxa such as oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya) showed opposing directions of change across different latitudes, consistent with changes in temperature gradients. Pollen-inferred temperatures from 34 sites quantify the changes and reconstruct a long-term southward shift of the sharpest temperature gradient in winter and a northward shift in summer. During the mid-Holocene, however, an oscillation in tree distributions interrupted the trends indicating that the steepest portion of the seasonal temperature gradients migrated rapidly northward at 5.8-3.2 ka. The shift produced an unusually late summer thermal maxima at 42-43.5°N where oak abundance peaked both in the early and mid-Holocene. The changes appear consistent with orbital and ice sheet forcing as well as millennial variability in the North Atlantic pressure field during the mid-Holocene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Millennial-Scale Oscillation in Latitudinal Temperature Gradients along the Western North Atlantic during the Mid-Holocene

Shuman

Stefanescu

Grigg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The only change in MAAT that was greater than the RMSE-based uncertainty envelope was the rapid increase from −2°–5° ± 1.7°C between 11.5 and 10.5 cal ka BP, following YD cooling. A recent regional analysis shows widespread evidence for cooling during the YD in the NE USA and warming in the southeastern United States, a pattern currently associated with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (Fastovich et al, 2020b) and linked to the weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (Boyle and Keigwin, 1987; Keigwin and Lehman, 1994; McManus et al, 2004). The abruptness of warming following the YD may reflect the abrupt renewal of the AMOC from its reduced state during the YD, which temporarily offset the progressive global effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations (Shakun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional 1 cm 3 subsamples of sediment, taken at 5 or 10 cm intervals, were sent to the Continental Scientific Drilling Office for preparation for pollen analysis. Samples were processed using the lab's standard methods, modified from Faegri et al (1989). A known concentration of spike (microspheres) was added to each sample to enable calculation of pollen concentrations and accumulation rates (PARs) (Stockmarr, 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A network of pollen records from Holocene lake sediments in the northeastern United States (NE USA) has enabled regional biogeographic analyses of shifting forest taxa through time and space (Davis, 1983;Jacobson et al, 1987;Prentice et al, 1991;Oswald et al, 2018;Trachsel et al, 2020). These regional patterns of vegetation change follow orbital-scale shifts in insolation, as well as millennial-scale changes driven by the waning Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SSTs; Webb, 1986;Williams et al, 2001;Shuman et al, 2002Shuman et al, , 2004Oswald et al, 2018;Fastovich et al, 2022). Recent pollen-inferred quantitative climate reconstructions from the NE USA (Marsicek et al, 2013;Shuman and Marsicek, 2016) are based upon the development and refinement of the modern analog technique (Overpeck et al, 1985;Williams and Shuman, 2008) and modern pollen databases (Whitmore et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transition in northern forests included a sequence of short-lived mixed boreal forest types (Spear, 1989;Ford, 1990;Whitehead et al, 1990;Spear et al, 1994;Oswald et al, 2018;Grigg et al, 2021). Deglacial, no-analog vegetation communities in the Great Lakes have been shown to closely track rapid warming (Fastovich et al, 2020a). In the NE USA, transient shifts in moisture source and availability, likely related to fluctuations in North Atlantic SSTs (Kirby et al, 2002a(Kirby et al, , 2002b, also influenced the development of no-analog assemblages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Holocene pollen-inferred climate reconstruction for Vermont, USA

et al. 2023

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A 13.0 cal ka BP pollen record from Twin Ponds, Vermont, provides new insights into the climate history of the northeastern United States. Modern analogs were used to produce qualitative and quantitative climate reconstructions for Twin Ponds. The Twin Ponds record was compared with nearby Knob Hill Pond to develop a Vermont reconstruction that was compared with reconstructions from two sites at a similar latitude. Postglacial warming at 11.5 cal ka BP followed a cool, wet Younger Dryas and was the largest temperature change of the record. The warmest, driest conditions occurred at ca. 9.0 cal ka BP, followed by an increase in moisture. Latitudinal and elevational shifts in the location of modern analogs from 5.7 to 4.0 cal ka BP were used to infer cooling and increased moisture during the Tsuga canadensis decline. Analysis of the timing of pollen events between the two Vermont sites suggests a more rapid decline in T. canadensis at the more northern Knob Hill Pond and further supports the possibility that colder temperatures contributed to this event. The other northern sites show similar trends until 2.5 cal ka BP, when precipitation in the easternmost site diverges, indicating the establishment of modern climatic gradients.

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Eric C. Grimm 1951–2020

Bradshaw

Styles

Giesecke

et al. 2021

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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The untimely death of Eric Grimm on 15th November 2020 in Jefferson, South Dakota is a much regretted loss to the global community of palynologists to which he contributed so much. Eric was a distinguished research palaeoecologist, a skilful and amusing companion in the field and one of the most widely known palynologists of his generation (Fig. 1). He is best remembered for his advocacy of open and shared international databases for fossil pollen and other palaeoecological data and almost single-handed creation, maintenance and patient, good-natured backup service for the widely used Tilia platform that displays palaeoecological data. Early career Eric was born in Cincinnati, Ohio but grew up in Rapid City, South Dakota, where his father was an eminent mathematics professor at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology. His father posed "Grimm's Conjecture" for consecutive composite integers and was a much appreciated teacher, who is also remembered for his avid appreciation of the Black Hills and his friendly smile. All these qualities and interests were strongly developed in Eric, with the addition of his generosity in sharing his knowledge and assistance on Communicated by F. Bittmann.

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Spatial Fingerprint of Younger Dryas Cooling and Warming in Eastern North America

Cited by 16 publications

References 104 publications

A Millennial-Scale Oscillation in Latitudinal Temperature Gradients along the Western North Atlantic during the Mid-Holocene

A Millennial-Scale Oscillation in Latitudinal Temperature Gradients along the Western North Atlantic during the Mid-Holocene

A Holocene pollen-inferred climate reconstruction for Vermont, USA

Eric C. Grimm 1951–2020

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