Spatial Exposure and Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate-Related Disasters in The North Coast of Tegal City, Indonesia

Abstract

Climate-related disasters such as floods and tidal floods impact livelihood systems in coastal areas everywhere, particularly in developing countries, resulting in a certain degree of livelihood vulnerability. In this paper, we examine the spatial exposure and livelihood vulnerability level of Tegal, a city in Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from 100 household samples distributed in the study area. Two types of assessment were performed: a spatial assessment with distance analysis and a vulnerability assessment using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The results of the study show that 33.80% of the settlement area and 22.25% of the fishery area are vulnerable to tidal floods. Climate-related disasters also threaten 32.20% of the households sampled, whose members work mostly as fishermen and rely on coastal resources for their livelihood. A key finding of the study is that the community is highly vulnerable with a low adaptive capacity level. This calls for more decisive policy interventions to enhance the community's adaptive capacity and reduce its exposure level.

Analysis of Smallholders’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Drought across Agroecology and Farm Typology in the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

“…In this regard, various studies have been conducted in the upper Awash sub-basin and elsewhere; (i) some have focused on livelihood vulnerability to the entire climate change impacts [25,[48][49][50][51][52]. These studies only used household survey data to understand the level of livelihood vulnerability [8,[53][54][55]; (ii) some vulnerability studies (e.g., [56,57]) considered only basin-wide livelihood vulnerability analyses that overlooked the local and farmers specific contexts; (iii) some studies completed livelihood vulnerability analysis using few numbers of indicator variables (e.g., [58][59][60]). Though these studies have made significant contributions to our current level of knowledge and understanding of livelihood vulnerability to climate change, there are likely gaps that must be filled.…”

Do we care enough? revisiting land subsidence and coastal spatial planning policy in Semarang, Indonesia

“…3. This is important because the zoning plan is based on disaster-prone classification areas, which could influence the development or activities that exaggerating environmental exposures [17].…”

“…There are sinking houses in the northern area of Semarang due to land subsidence [11]. In the north east area, land owners had lost their assets due to the permanent flooding, while others have adaptation expenses to regularly elevate their floor or upgrade the house structures against frequent floods [16,17]. The seawater intrusion had also threatening freshwater supply [11].…”

Housing challenges in sinking coastal city: rethinking urban housing in subsidence area for a more resilient community

“…Coastal housing is not equipped by adequate drainage and sanitation 1007 (2022) 012017 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1007/1/012017 2 infrastructure, as well as limited capability of the people to do such costly adaptation measures. In addition, people's reliance on coastal natural resources makes their income become vulnerable because it is highly affected by the climate condition [16].…”

“…They later added that this drainage infrastructure system is more important than the structural housing measures itself. Considering infrastructure in assessing coastal communities' vulnerability had previously been done by Rudiarto and Pamungkas [16]. They argue that the higher the availability of drainage infrastructure, would reduce the climate-related flood risk.…”