Spatial dynamics of understorey insectivorous birds and arthropods in a southeastern Brazilian Atlantic woodlot

Manhães, Marco Antônio; Mm, Dias

doi:10.1590/s1519-69842011000100003

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The Nematinae compared to all other tenthredinids are however singular in having their greatest diversity in the northern Holarctic, and they have a propensity to feed on willows ( Salix ) and other trees and shrubs, whereas most Athalia feed on Brassicaceae, and most Phymatocerini on Ranunculales and Liliales [55,73,95], the three latter groups of plants being herbaceous. Insectivorous birds forage commonly in open (understory and canopy) forest habitats and probably less often at ground-level where they themselves suffer a higher predation risk [101-103], whereas ants occur more equally across all vegetation levels [104]. Differential trends of microhabitat-linked predation pressures, by ants and birds on Nematinae versus more prominently by ants on Athalia and Phymatocerini, may have driven the evolution of differing defensive traits [105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMany insects are chemically defended against predatory vertebrates and invertebrates. Nevertheless, our understanding of the evolution and diversity of insect defenses remains limited, since most studies have focused on visual signaling of defenses against birds, thereby implicitly underestimating the impact of insectivorous insects. In the larvae of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera), which feed on various plants and show diverse lifestyles, two distinct defensive strategies are found: easy bleeding of deterrent hemolymph, and emission of volatiles by ventral glands. Here, we used phylogenetic information to identify phylogenetic correlations among various ecological and defensive traits in order to estimate the relative importance of avian versus invertebrate predation.ResultsThe mapping of 12 ecological and defensive traits on phylogenetic trees inferred from DNA sequences reveals the discrete distribution of easy bleeding that occurs, among others, in the genus Athalia and the tribe Phymatocerini. By contrast, occurrence of ventral glands is restricted to the monophyletic subfamily Nematinae, which are never easy bleeders. Both strategies are especially effective towards insectivorous insects such as ants, while only Nematinae species are frequently brightly colored and truly gregarious. Among ten tests of phylogenetic correlation between traits, only a few are significant. None of these involves morphological traits enhancing visual signals, but easy bleeding is associated with the absence of defensive body movements and with toxins occurring in the host plant. Easy bleeding functions through a combination of attributes, which is corroborated by an independent contrasts test indicating a statistically significant negative correlation between species-level integument mechanical resistance and hemolymph feeding deterrence against ants.ConclusionsOur analyses evidence a repeated occurrence of easy bleeding, and no phylogenetic correlation including specific visual signals is significant. We conclude that the evolution of chemically-based defenses in tenthredinids may have been driven by invertebrate as much as by avian predation. The clear-cut visual signaling often encountered in the Nematinae would be linked to differential trends of habitat use by prey and predators. Further studies on (prey) insect groups should include visual signals and other traits, as well as several groups of natural enemies, to better interpret their relative significance and to refine our understanding of insect chemical defenses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies

et al. 2013

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“…If plant communities in an area continue to decrease, the number of bird species can be reduced, resulting in the loss of bird species. Changes of vegetation structure due to logging practice can affect the availability of resources for bird communities (Manhaes & Dias, 2011). Limited resources can result in competition between species in a region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird Communities In Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP) North Bengkulu, Bengkulu

2016

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Bird communities are the composition of several bird species that live together in the same place, time and interact with other birds. The diversity of birds in an area can be used as an indicator of stabilizing an area. Changes of vegetation structures due to logging practices can affect the availability of resources for bird communities. The objective of the research was to examine diversity, richness, bird species abundance and bird community similarity at HS1 (logged forest 1974), HS2 (logged forest 1989/1990) and HS3 (fully logged forest 1989/1990) in Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP). The research was conducted in July -September 2013. Data collection was conducted by point count method (total 36 points) and mist net method (total 4752 nets hours). The Research showed 85 bird's species from 33 families were recorded. HS2 was highest value of diversity and richness (H '= 3.63, D MG = 10.07). The highest relative abundance species in HS1 was Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), while HS2 and HS3 were Slender-billed Crow (Corvus enca). The bird community similarity was highest in HS2 and HS3 (ISj = 0.58).

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“…More complex Amazonian forest had more birds than less structured forest from the same biome (Borges, 2004). Structurally more complex vegetation types decrease the effects of seasonality, resulting in higher stability in resource availability hosting more year-long residents (Hurlbert and Haskell, 2003;Manhães and Dias, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds' nesting parameters in four forest types in the Pantanal wetland

Pinho

Marini

2014

Braz. J. Biol.

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We tested the heterogeneity/productivity hypothesis with respect to the abundance and richness of birds and the vegetation density hypothesis with respect to birds' nest predation rates, and determined the relative importance of forested vegetation formations for the conservation of birds in the Pantanal. We estimated the apparent nesting success, and the abundance and richness of nesting birds' in four forest types, by monitoring nests during two reproductive seasons in four forested physiognomies (two high productivity/heterogeneity evergreen forests = Cambará and Landi; two low productivity/heterogeneity dry forests = Cordilheira and Carvoeiro) in the Pantanal wetland in Poconé, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We found 381 nests of 46 species (35 Passeriformes and 11 non-Passeriformes) in the four forest types. Of these, we monitored 220 active nests belonging to 44 species, 101 during the reproductive season of 2001 and 119 in 2002. We supported the productivity/heterogeneity hypothesis since the two evergreen forests had higher nest abundance and one of them (Cambará) had higher nesting species richness than the dry forests. The number of nests found in each habitat differed with most nests monitored in the Cambará forest (82%), followed by Landi (9%), Cordilheira (6%) and Carvoeiro (3%) forests. The total number of nests monitored was significantly higher in evergreen forests than in dry forests. Also, more species nested in evergreen (37 species) than in dry (16 species) forests. A Correspondence Analysis revealed that only Carvoeiros had a different nesting bird community. The overall apparent nesting success of 220 nests was 26.8%. We did not support the vegetation density hypothesis since nest predation rates were similar between evergreen (73.5%) and dry (70%) forests, and were higher in the Landi (85%) than in the other three forests (69.2 to 72.2%). Our data indicate that Cambará forests seem to be a key nesting habitat for many bird species of the Pantanal. If this local pattern also occurs in other regions of the Pantanal, the use and management of Cambará forests might prove to be important for the conservation of forest birds of this biome. However, conflicting results with other taxonomic groups show that conservation measures for these forests and land use policies should be based on a more complete biodiversity evaluation of the region.Keywords: nesting success, productivity/heterogeneity hypothesis, vegetation density hypothesis, Pantanal. Parâmetros reprodutivos de aves em quatro tipos de florestas no Pantanal ResumoTestamos a hipótese de heterogeneidade / produtividade com relação à abundância e riqueza de aves e hipótese da densidade de vegetação com relação às taxas de predação de ninhos de pássaros, e determinamos a importância relativa de formações vegetais florestais para a conservação das aves no Pantanal. Estimamos o sucesso de nidificação aparente, a abundância e riqueza de nidificação de aves em quatro tipos de floresta, por monitoramento de ninhos durante duas estações repr...

show abstract

Spatial dynamics of understorey insectivorous birds and arthropods in a southeastern Brazilian Atlantic woodlot

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies

Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies

Bird Communities In Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP) North Bengkulu, Bengkulu

Birds' nesting parameters in four forest types in the Pantanal wetland

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