Spatial distributions and chemical properties of PM2.5 based on 21 field campaigns at 17 sites in China

Zheng, Jie; Hu, Min; Peng, Jianfei; Wu, Zhijun; Kumar, Prashant; Li, Mengren; Wang, Yujue; Guo, Song

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.032

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…During the studies performed at several urban sites in China, sulfate concentrations varied between 4200 and 23 000 ng m −3 . These values are higher than those of this study and also 5 to 10 times higher than the measured concentrations in Europe and United States (Hidy, 2009;Putaud et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2016).…”

Section: Wsi and Trace Elementscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…However, these averages in São Paulo are lower than those observed in year-round studies performed in Chinese megacities, such as Shanghai (83 µg m −3 for PM 2.5 and 123 µg m −3 for PM 10 ) and Nanjing (222 µg m −3 for PM 2.5 and 316 µg m −3 for PM 10 ) (Shi et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2003;. Indeed, in 2014, Zheng et al (2016) assessed the PM 2.5 concentrations in 161 Chinese cities, reporting an annual average concentration of 62 µg m −3 .…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Receptor Modelmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…SNA were also found to be the major portion of the WSIs in other studies around the world. For instance, Zheng et al (2016) assessed PM 2.5 concentrations at 17 diversified sites in China. An average contribution of SNA of more than 90 % of total ions was obtained, which represented 50 % of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Wsi and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Wsi and Trace Elementscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Statistical Analysis and Receptor Modelmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

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“…In the atmosphere of Beijing, the aging timescale is much shorter than in clean environments. For 280 example, to achieve a complete morphology modification for BC particles in Beijing, the aging 281 timescale was estimated to be 2.3 h (Peng et al, 2016). PM2.5 chemical composition indicated that the 282 BC particles may be aged and coated by secondary formed chemical components (SNA and secondary 283 organic materials) during the heavy haze episodes (Peng et al, 2016), thereby, resulting in weakened 284 heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of freshly emitted diesel soot particles (Kulkarni et al, 2016).…”

Section: Seen 229mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleating particle concentrations unaffected by urban air pollution in Beijing, China

Chen¹,

Wu²,

Augustin-Bauditz³

et al. 2017

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“…The sources of this PM 2.5 were mainly coal combustion, waste incineration, and construction works. In order to investigate the flow properties of fine suspended particles, the density of the particles was required (Kannosto et al, 2008;Zheng et al, 2016a). Atmospheric particles were usually assumed to have a spherical shape with a bulk density ranging from 1.1 to 2 g cm -3 , and the measurements were carried out using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) Liu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Dynamics and PM2.5 Deposition in Healthy and Asthmatic Airways at Different Inhalation Statuses

Chen

Lee

Mutuku

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Public health reports indicate that high PM 2.5 concentration can impair the respiratory health of the residents, especially for those affected by asthma. Therefore, there is a need to determine the deposition mechanism and efficiencies for PM 2.5 in asthmatic human airways. In this study, gas flow dynamics and deposition fractions (DFs) of PM 2.5 in generations 10-11 of Weibel's lung model were investigated where the two-phase gas-solid flow behaviors in healthy and asthmatic airways were considered. The gas phase was modeled as a transient laminar and incompressible flow while the discrete phase model (DPM) was applied for the particle phase. Three different air flow rates under rest, light activity, and moderate exercise were considered. For the healthy airways, higher total mass DFs were observed during a moderate exercise as compared to rest and light activity conditions. Deposition fractions were higher in asthmatic airways compared to those of healthy ones, stemming from tapering in the airways as well as complex secondary flow fields, namely, Dean vortices, in the folds. Deposition was mainly due to inertial forces of particles, but a small amount of PM 2.5 was deposited near the entrance of asthmatic tube, as a result of the secondary flow. The numerical results revealed that the Dean vortices was an important factor for particle deposition. With increased DF, asthmatic people have a higher total respiratory dose of PM 2.5 for a given exposure compared to healthy individuals. Thus contributing to their increased susceptibility to adverse health effects caused by PM 2.5 .

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Spatial distributions and chemical properties of PM2.5 based on 21 field campaigns at 17 sites in China

Cited by 61 publications

References 52 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Ice nucleating particle concentrations unaffected by urban air pollution in Beijing, China

Flow Dynamics and PM2.5 Deposition in Healthy and Asthmatic Airways at Different Inhalation Statuses

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