Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment of elements (PTEs, REEs, and ENs) in the surface soil of shiraz city (Iran) under different land-use types

Hoshyari, Ebrahim; Hassanzadeh, Nasrin; Keshavarzi, Behnam; Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah; Rezaei, Mahrooz

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137045

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As a result, the high MP abundance, PHI, and the presence of hazardous polymers were all related to the elevated ERI. Similarly, Hoshyari et al 39 found the risk index to be high to extremely dangerous for MP pollution with PLI hazard level II for urban soils and hazard level I for industrial and agricultural soils of the Shiraz metropolis, southwest of Iran. MPs of the riverbed sediment around Dhaka city also showed that high polymer abundance would increase the environmental risk.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Mpsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Extraction and Analysis of Microplastics in the Soil of Diamond City, Surat (Gujarat, India): Ecological Risk, Pollution Indices, and Greenness Evaluation

Bhavsar,

Chovatiya,

Kamble

et al. 2024

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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This study examines microplastics (MPs) for the first time in the soil of Diamond City, Surat (Gujarat, India) in terms of their abundance, distribution, chemical composition, and ecological risk assessment. A stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to measure the physical and chemical properties of the MPs. The outcome showed the omnipresence of MPs in Surat city’s soil, with an average abundance of 103.2 ± 57.28 particles 100 g–1. Over 90% of all MPs were made of polyethylene (70.19%), polypropylene (17.53%), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (6.92%) polymers. The white/transparent-colored MPs having a size of about 2–5 mm are predominantly available. The principal component analysis (PCA) results indicate that the discovered MPs in the soil samples are mostly represented by fragments and fibers, which account for 52.90% of the total variance in the data set. Additionally, in the current research, the ecological risk assessment of MPs in soil, the pollution load index (PLI), the polymer hazard index (PHI), and the ecological risk index (ERI) of MPs were studied. The PLI values greater than 1 were observed, indicating that all sampling sites were polluted with MPs. Based on the abundance, type of polymer, and toxicity of MPs found in the soil sample, an evaluation concluded that there is a moderate to medium ecological risk associated with MPs polluting the city soil. The greatest PHI value in this study is 239.69 (risk category: medium), while the lowest PHI value is 8.69 (risk category: low). The greenness profile of the method was assessed using the software-based analytical greenness metric (AGREE) tool. The developed approach is partially green, as shown by an AGREE metric score of 0.53. The present investigations emphasize the critical importance of taking action in metropolitan areas such as Surat to mitigate MP pollution and improve waste management practices for a greener and cleaner ecosystem in the future. These findings will inspire the creation of ecofriendly alternatives crucial for reducing plastic consumption, safeguarding ecosystems, and mitigating MPs’ impact on the soil quality.

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Section: Risk Assessment Of Mpsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Extraction and Analysis of Microplastics in the Soil of Diamond City, Surat (Gujarat, India): Ecological Risk, Pollution Indices, and Greenness Evaluation

Bhavsar,

Chovatiya,

Kamble

et al. 2024

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…An NMSP is often considered a primary source of soil contamination with heavy metals [40]. Heavy metals discharged from non-ferrous metal smelting can pollute the surrounding soil through atmospheric deposition, rainfall flushing, and weathering [41][42][43]. Table 1 shows that median contents of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in soils from NMSP were 53.88, 222.24, 16,044.90, 4247.79, 1910.62, 154.14, and 2097.49 mg/kg, respectively.…”

Section: Pollution Characteristics Of Heavy Metals In Soils Of the Nm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Profiles, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil near a Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Plant

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Heavy metal pollution related to non-ferrous metal smelting may pose a significant threat to human health. This study analyzed 58 surface soils collected from a representative non-ferrous metal smelting area to screen potentially hazardous heavy metals and evaluate their health risk in the studied area. The findings demonstrated that human activity had contributed to the pollution degrees of Cu, Cd, As, Zn, and Pb in the surrounding area of a non-ferrous metal smelting plant (NMSP). Cu, Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Co pollution within the NMSP was serious. Combining the spatial distribution and Spearman correlations with principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of Cd, As, Pb, and Zn in surrounding areas were related to non-ferrous metal smelting and transportation activities. High non-cancer (THI = 4.76) and cancer risks (TCR = 2.99 × 10−4) were found for adults in the NMSP. Moreover, heavy metals in the surrounding areas posed a potential cancer risk to children (TCR = 3.62 × 10−6) and adults (TCR = 1.27 × 10−5). The significant contributions of As, Pb, and Cd to health risks requires special attention. The construction of a heavy metal pollution management system will benefit from the current study for the non-ferrous metal smelting industry.

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“…Ecological risk studies have been based on the toxicity coefficients of REYs, for which it was reported that they were similar to those of HMs [ 33 ]. It was reported that the ecological risks due to the REY presence in soil [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], sediment [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], and street dust were relatively low. Moreover, the estimated non-cancer and cancer human health risks from soil [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], sediments [ 48 ], air [ 49 ], and the consumption of vegetables fall below the acceptable safety limits [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

Slavković-Beškoski,

Ignjatović,

Ćujić

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The occurrence and distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements (REYs), along with major elements and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in coal fly ash (CFA) from five coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), were analyzed, and the REY-associated ecological and health risks were assessed. The individual REYs in CFA were abundant in the following order: Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Gd > Sm > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The total REY content ranged from 135 to 362 mg/kg, averaging 302 mg/kg. The mean light-to-heavy REY ratio was 4.1, indicating prevalent light REY enrichment in CFA. Significantly positive correlations between the REYs suggested that they coexist and share similar origins in CFA. REYs were estimated to pose low to moderate ecological risks, with risk index (RI) values ranging from 66 to 245. The hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) of REYs from CFA, estimated to be higher for children (HIc = 0.15, TCRc = 8.4 × 10−16) than for adults (HIa = 0.017, TCRa = 3.6 × 10−16), were well below the safety limits (HI = 1, TCR = 1.0 × 10−6). However, the danger to human health posed by HMs in the same CFA samples (HIc = 5.74, TCRc = 2.6 × 10−4, TCRa = 1.1 × 10−4) exceeded the safe thresholds (excl. HIa = 0.63). The mean RI and HI attributed to REYs in CFA were 14% and 2.6%, respectively, of the total risks that include HMs.

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Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment of elements (PTEs, REEs, and ENs) in the surface soil of shiraz city (Iran) under different land-use types

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Extraction and Analysis of Microplastics in the Soil of Diamond City, Surat (Gujarat, India): Ecological Risk, Pollution Indices, and Greenness Evaluation

Extraction and Analysis of Microplastics in the Soil of Diamond City, Surat (Gujarat, India): Ecological Risk, Pollution Indices, and Greenness Evaluation

Pollution Profiles, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil near a Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Plant

Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash

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