Spatial Distribution of Urban Air Pollution in Lanzhou, China~!2009-07-23~!2010-01-27~!2010-04-02~!

Abstract

Urban air quality, and its variability in space and time, is a critical issue for human exposure and health related studies. In this work, we investigated the intra-urban distribution of SO 2 , NO x , NO 2 , Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes in ambient air in one of the world's most polluted cities, Lanzhou, China. Measurements were contemporarily carried out at forty locations in four seasonal campaigns during the period 2005-2006. Diffusive samplers allowing a sampling period of one month were used. As a general finding, the selected air pollutant concentrations often exceeded the EU limit values, and varied significantly with space, time, and proximity to relevant point emission sources. A statistical analysis revealed that monthly air pollutant concentrations were normally distributed in space. This suggests that the spatial distribution of urban air pollution was governed by the spatial diffusion of emission sources, at least for its apparent average behaviour. This result might be relevant to link urban air quality measurements and human exposure assessment. To gain insights into the properties of the urban air pollution distribution in space, makes the assessment of homogeneous areas of air pollution in the urban area less critical -and, consequently, allows a proper selection of the sites where to monitor air quality for health-effects studies.

Air Quality in Lanzhou, a Major Industrial City in China: Characteristics of Air Pollution and Review of Existing Evidence from Air Pollution and Health Studies

“…However, sensitivity analysis (e.g., including and then omitting day of the week as a variable in separate models) could further investigate this issue. Further, our finding of generally higher pollutant concentrations in winter compared to summer months is consistent with the sparse previous studies of ambient air pollution in Lanzhou (Chu et al 2008a, b; Costabile et al 2010; Ma 2013; Qian et al 2001; She et al 2011; Ta et al 2004; Wang et al 2009). Winter in this area is characterized by a stable atmosphere, particularly during the nighttime (Chu et al 2008a).…”

“…It is the Gansu Province’s largest city and capital. A number of industries are based in the city including an oil refinery, petrochemical industries, machinery and metallurgical industries, textile mills, food processing centers, cement manufacturing, coal mining, rubber processing, electrical power generation, medical industries, lead and zinc mining and smelting (Zhang et al 2012), and fertilizer plants (Chen and Sun 2010; Costabile et al 2010; Zhang et al 2008). In addition to local pollution, dust transported from other regions affects air quality in this area.…”

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and Children’s lung function: a dose-based association analysis

“…Results showed that ADDs of PM 2.5 differed by school/residence location, gender, and parental education attainment. Children living in the suburban area showed a significant lower PM 2.5 and ADD levels in 2013-2017, consistent with previous studies in Lanzhou (39)(40)(41).…”

Smart Portable Devices Suitable for Cultural Heritage: A Review

“…The results, expressed as a ratio (R) between the 48 h and the consecutive 24 h based periods, demonstrated good stability for the collected pollutants (especially R = 0.98 ± 0.05 for nitrite and R = 1.08 ± 0.09 for sulphate). The detection limits were: 5 ppb for NO 2 and 10 ppb of SO 2 [ 63 , 64 ]. The accuracy (expressed as percent relative error) resulted better than about ±10%, when compared to denuder technique, combined with the coefficients of variation of 5.5% and 6.5%, respectively.…”