Spatial distribution of total halogenated organic compounds (TX), adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), and heavy metals in wetland soil irrigated with pulp and paper wastewater

Abstract

Long-term irrigation using wastewater from paper industry may cause seriously problems to the receiving soil. This work surveyed and monitored the soil quality of a wastewater irrigation wetland system in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in China in 2014 and 2015. Τhe wetland soil showed different soil properties and TX, AOX, heavy metal contents after long-term wastewater irrigation. Long-term irrigation also accumulated the heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the wetland soil. Compared to the control, TX in the irrigated soil increased by 47.7-69.8% (2014) and 61.5-83.1% (2015). AOX varied in concentration from 1.7 to 55.0 mg kg −1 (2014) and 11.0 to 53.0 mg kg −1 (2015). The long-term irrigation of wastewater to wetland systems caused the accumulations of heavy metals, TX, and AOX in the soil and the levels of accumulations were related to several factors including soil properties, wastewater quality, and irrigation time.

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China

“…In wetland systems, heavy metals are concentrated in sediments via adsorption and precipitation, and are transported and enriched in the food chain through biological absorption. At the same time, when external conditions are suitable, the heavy metals in wetland sediments are released into soils and water in the form of secondary pollutants [10,11]. Therefore, the heavy metal content of sediments is often used as an important reference indicator for judging the environmental quality of wetlands [12,13].…”

Eco-Friendly and Highly Efficient Enzyme-Based Wool Shrinkproofing Finishing by Multiple Padding Techniques

“…This will seriously damage the health of the operator and destroy the atmosphere. AOX is also be generated in the process of chlorination which is difficult to decompose in wastewater [3]. In comparison, the multiple padding enzyme process has no AOX generation and the waste water is easy to biodegrade.…”

“…There is a high concentration of AOX in the waste liquid. AOX not only pollutes the environment but also causes serious damage to humans [3]. Chlorine-Hercosett technology is unsustainable and does not meet the requirements of eco-textiles processing.…”

Effects of biochar on heavy metals migration and fractions changes with different soil types in column experiments

“…The 13.9% of grain production has been affected, due to the heavy metal pollution from mining and smelting, electroplate industry, sewage irrigation, urban development, and fertilizer application in farmland soil (Zhang et al 2015). At present, the heavy metals fractions changes and migration prevention have contributed great benefits in reducing the plant uptake (Cui et al 2017). Many conventional remediation techniques, such as replacement, electro-kinetics, soil flushing, and phytoremediation, have been developed to reduce the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metal in agricultural soils (Tang et al 2016;Cui et al 2017).…”

“…At present, the heavy metals fractions changes and migration prevention have contributed great benefits in reducing the plant uptake (Cui et al 2017). Many conventional remediation techniques, such as replacement, electro-kinetics, soil flushing, and phytoremediation, have been developed to reduce the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metal in agricultural soils (Tang et al 2016;Cui et al 2017). The concentrations of bioavailable copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been decreased by 48.9% and 16.4% in mature compost by adding calcium-based bentonite (10%, w:w) (Zhao et al 2018).…”