Spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship of sulfur in Northeast Asia

Abstract

Abstract. The spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship (SRR) of sulfur over Northeast Asia was examined using a chemical transport model (RAQM) off-line coupled with a meteorological model (MM5). The simulation was conducted for the entire year of 2002. The results were evaluated using monitoring data for six remote stations of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The modeled SO 2 and O 3 concentrations agreed well with the observations quantitatively. The modeled aerosol and wet deposition fluxes of SO 2− 4 were underestimated by 30 % and 50 %, respectively. The domain was divided into 5 source-receptor regions: (I) North China; (II) Central China; (III) South China; (IV) South Korea; and (V) Japan. The sulfur deposition in each receptor region amounted to about 50-75 % of the emissions from the same region. The largest contribution to the deposition in each region was originated from the same region, accounting for 53-84 %. The second largest contribution was due to Region II, supplying 14-43 %. The spatial distributions of the SRRs revealed that subregional values varied by about two times more than regional averages due to nonuniformity across the deposition fields. Examining the spatial distributions of the deposition fields was important for identifying subregional areas where the deposition was highest within a receptor region. The horizontal distribution changed substantially according to season.

Toward Synchronous Evaluation of Source Apportionments for Atmospheric Concentration and Deposition of Sulfate Aerosol Over East Asia

“…The estimates of the impacts of China on Japan in this study were similar to those reported by Kajino et al () using the sensitivity analysis with a 15% emissions reduction. The 2008 anthropogenic SO 2 emissions from China were 33.5 Tg/year in Kurokawa et al () and 31.3 Tg/year in Janssens‐Maenhout et al (), but were 20.7 Tg/year in 2002 in Kajino et al (). The difference in the emission amount led to a higher estimate of the impact of China on Japan in this study.…”

“…Hence, the amount of total sulfur compounds should be interpreted as an increase. c Kajino et al (2011): the source contribution for Japan includes the emissions from volcanoes. d Ge et al (2014): only the contribution from China to Japan was provided.…”

MICS-Asia III: Overview of model inter-comparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

“…For example, for SO2, all models estimated more deposition than anthropogenic emissions in Japan. Previous studies based on source-receiver relationships in model experiments indicated the importance of volcanic sources and trans-boundary 15 air pollution for S over Japan (Kajino et al, 2011;Kuribayashi et al, 2012;Itahashi et al, 2017;Itahashi, 2018). Over North Asia (Mongolia and Russia), all models simulated more deposition than emissions; deposition was predicted to be 1.9 and 2.5 times higher than emissions over Mongolia and Russia, respectively, by model M2, which estimated the lowest total deposition.…”

A 15-year record (2001–2015) of the ratio of nitrate to non-sea-salt sulfate in precipitation over East Asia

“…According to the Clean Air Status and Trends Networks (CASTNET) in the US (Sickles II and Shadwick, 2015) and the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) in Europe (Tørseth et al, 2012), in Japan, which is located in the downwind region of the Asian continent, the total wet and dry deposition have surpassed those of both the US and Europe (Endo et al, 2011;Ban et al, 2016). In terms of the wet deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds over Japan, the influence of anthropogenic emissions from China has been determined via chemical transport model simulations (Kuribayashi et al, 2012;Kajino et al, 2011Kajino et al, , 2013Morino et al, 2011).…”