Spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in different land uses of an industrial area of Tehran (Iran)

Abstract

Vegetation and different land uses may affect the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. The objective of the current article was to study the impact of industrial activities and land use type on the distribution of heavy metals in soils of Chitgar Forrest Park, located in industrial zone in the west of Tehran City. The soil samples were taken from 116 sites in a regular sampling grid (250 9 250 m) at a depth of 0-20 cm, including three different land uses, needle leaf forests, broadleaf forests and rangeland. Nitric acid-extractable form of seven metals, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and DTPA-extractable form of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were measured. Soil texture, pH, organic carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, percentage of calcium carbonate and electrical conductivity (EC) were also determined. According to the maps and background amounts, heavy metals were affected by industrial activities and road traffic. Proximity to heavy traffic highway of Tehran-Karaj and large autoindustry plants can be considered for increasing metal concentrations. Results of statistical methods (coefficient variation and cluster analysis), besides geostatistical analysis (variogram and map), showed that total concentrations of heavy metals are controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the studied area. Although land use type did not affect the alteration in the distribution of total concentrations of heavy metals, it changed the distribution of DTPA form of heavy metals in the soils through affecting the soil organic matter.

Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil Fertility Parameters Using Geospatial Techniques in Temperate Himalayas

“…However, Reza et al [39] while working on alluvial soils of India describes Spherical model to be the best fit for N, P and Zn contents. Moreover the findings are consistent with the researches of Some'e et al [40] and Mahmoudabadi et al [41].…”

The Influence of Organic Carbon and pH on Heavy Metals, Potassium, and Magnesium Levels in Lithuanian Podzols

“…As in our study, earlier works observed significant positive correlations of soil organic carbon with exchangeable metals (Behera & Shukla, ; Kargar et al ., ; Mahmoudabadi et al ., ). This was observed in total elements as well.…”

“…It is often assumed that pH is the most important variable controlling the bioavailability of metals; however, TOC (as observed in this work), organic matter, aluminum and iron oxides, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture also influence the availability of exchangeable metals (Arenas‐Lago et al ., ; Chavez et al ., ). The content of heavy metals is often high in clay‐rich soils comparing to silty or sandy soils that have had similar metals exposures (Esmaeili et al ., ; Mahmoudabadi et al ., ). Clay‐rich soils have a high capacity to retain heavy metals compared to sandy soils because they have a high cation exchange capacity comparing to soils with coarser textures (Chang et al ., ).…”

“…As demonstrated in previous works, agricultural soils with high heavy metal contents can adversely affect human health, because they can be taken up by plants, especially Cd (Chang et al, 2014;Chavez et al, 2015) and enter in the food chain (Brevik, 2009;Brevik & Burgess, 2013). In industrial and urban areas, increased heavy metals in soils are related to industrial activities, building construction materials, vehicular use, and the use of fossil fuels for applications such as transportation, electrical generation, and heating (Brevik, 2009;Filippelli & Laidlaw, 2010;Gardner et al, 2013;Morgan, 2013;Trujillo-González et al, 2016) and pose a high risk to the health of inhabitants, especially to children, because heavy metals can easily enter the body through skin, inhalation, and ingestion (Manta et al, 2002;Mahmoudabadi et al, 2015). In our work, the concentration of heavy metals was lower than the thresholds recommended by the European Union with the exception of Cd, which had some sampling points with a value higher than 3 (Table I).…”

Hyperspectral Prediction Model of Metal Content in Soil Based on the Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm

“…Different geographical factors, especially land use patterns, have various effects on the accumulation of metal elements [57][58][59][60][61]. The soil metals in the study area have different degrees of accumulation under various land use patterns, elevations, soil types, and slopes, but the cumulative characteristics are generally consistent (Figure 9).…”