Spatial distribution of soil contamination by Toxoplasma gondii in relation to cat defecation behaviour in an urban area

Afonso, Eve; Lemoine, Mélissa; Poulle, Marie-Lazarine; Ravat, Marie-Caroline; Romand, S.; Thulliez, P.; Villena, Isabelle; Aubert, Dominique; Rabilloud, Muriel; Riche, Benjamin; Gilot‐Fromont, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.01.004

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Being highly sensitive, these methods should allow researchers to better characterize areas and periods at risk of contamination. A few studies have already measured the level of soil and water contamination [50,68,189]. These studies confirmed that the risk in urban areas is spatially structured at the very local scale, and they should help to identify areas most contaminated in other environments.…”

Section: Conclusion: Consequences For the Management Of Zoonotic Tranmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In urban sites, even if incidence is low, very high densities of cats lead to expect a high number of infections: 165 infections per km² per year could occur in the dense population studied by Afonso et al [41,50]. In rural sites where cats live in density varying between 120 and 200 cats per km², [32] estimated that 31 to 72 infections per km² per year could occur.…”

Section: Variations In T Gondii Dynamics Along the Urban-rural-wild mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Based on serological follow-up of cats, incidence was estimated to 0.26-0.39 infections/cat per year in three rural populations located in France [32]. Incidence was also estimated in one urban site (0.17 infections/cat/year [50]) and in one population living in a non-anthropized environment [46], using the age-seroprevalence relationship. Using data The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment 9 on oocyst shedding, Dabritz et al [51,52] estimated that 0.04 infections could occur per catyear in cats recruited through local veterinarians in coastal cities in California (USA).…”

Section: Variations In T Gondii Dynamics Along the Urban-rural-wild mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These defecation sites spread over cat territory cumulate a high concentration of oocysts in areas closed to humans. A study of a cat population living in the Croix-Rousse hospital (Lyon, France) showed that defecation sites were the areas most often found to be positive for T. gondii DNA, and may be viewed as hot spots of environmental risk to humans [50]. Similarly, in Poland and in China, contaminated soil samples have been found in public parks and sand pits [67,68].…”

Section: Urban Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

Gilot‐Fromont¹,

Lélu

Dardé

et al. 2012

Toxoplasmosis - Recent Advances

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Section: Conclusion: Consequences For the Management Of Zoonotic Tranmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Variations In T Gondii Dynamics Along the Urban-rural-wild mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Variations In T Gondii Dynamics Along the Urban-rural-wild mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

Gilot‐Fromont¹,

Lélu

Dardé

et al. 2012

Toxoplasmosis - Recent Advances

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“…The results showed that a high concentration of oocytes can be detected in soil using molecular methods; moreover, they suggested that the distribution of contaminated areas is highly heterogeneous. Positive samples were only found in the locations used by cats to defecate, which means that the higher risk areas for human and animal infection can be localized and controlled 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic aspects of toxoplasmosis and evaluation of its seroprevalence in pregnant women

Fonseca

Silva

Fux

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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answered a quantitative questionnaire; 49.5% were seropositive for immunoglobulin (Ig) G and 3.6% for IgM. Comparative analysis of congenital toxoplasmosis cases were evaluated in 11 regions and showed an irregular distribution (p < 0.01). This difference was also observed among the pregnant women observed in each location. The results from the questionnaire show that 93% of the pregnant women had no knowledge about toxoplasmosis, and 24% presented with positive serology, but no clinical manifestation. Analysis for pregnant IgG-positive women and the presence of pets showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05), suggesting that the transmission of this disease might occur in the domestic environment. Conclusions: We suggest the implementation of a triage program for pregnant women and health education to encourage their use of SUS services.

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Is pathogen exposure spatially autocorrelated? Patterns of pathogens in puma (Puma concolor) and bobcat (Lynx rufus)

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Understanding pathogen spread in wildlife has important implications for conservation and management efforts. This is particularly the case for taxa that are susceptible to disease spillover events resulting in outbreaks and rapid population declines, such as carnivores. However, assessment of the spatial structure of pathogen exposure (pathogen spatial autocorrelation) is relatively rare for these kinds of taxa. Structure in pathogen exposure may reflect a number of important features, including host traits, pathogen traits, and detection methods utilized. The relatively wide-ranging nature of many carnivores may lead to rapid pathogen spread and obfuscate any spatial autocorrelation being detectable, but this has not yet been explicitly evaluated. Here, we tested for evidence of spatial structuring of pathogen exposure and coexposures for puma (Puma concolor) and bobcat (Lynx rufus), both mobile and wide-ranging felid species. The study included 440 puma and 639 bobcat from six study regions (one in Florida, two in Colorado, and three in California), as well as each animal's capture location and exposure status for up to eight pathogens. This allowed a thorough examination of spatial patterns of pathogen exposure across different pathogen transmission types, different habitats, and different host ecology. We tested for spatial autocorrelation for each pathogen in each host species at each site, as well as both host species combined. In addition, we tested for coexposure between all pathogens in the study, and for those pathogens that were correlated, we tested for spatial clusters of coexposure. We detected spatial autocorrelation in exposure status for approximately 2% and 10% of examined cases for puma and bobcats, respectively, and spatial clustering in approximately 17% of cases where pathogen coexposures were detected. These results suggest that wide-ranging species, such as puma and bobcat, may rapidly disseminate pathogens across their populations, precluding substantive detection of autocorrelation in pathogen exposure by traditional serological and infection detection methods. Thus, targeted pathogen surveillance or control might focus on individual host characteristics, and advances in understanding pathogen spread in these secretive felids may necessitate examinations of spatial structure in both pathogen and host genetics.

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Spatial distribution of soil contamination by Toxoplasma gondii in relation to cat defecation behaviour in an urban area

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

Epidemiologic aspects of toxoplasmosis and evaluation of its seroprevalence in pregnant women

Is pathogen exposure spatially autocorrelated? Patterns of pathogens in puma (Puma concolor) and bobcat (Lynx rufus)

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