“…We found that 18% of the publications showed evidence of roads facilitating poaching (e.g., Maisels et al, 2013;Shaffer and Bishop, 2016). These studies were specifically in East (e.g., Jones et al, 2009;Kimanzi et al, 2015) and Central Africa (e.g., Wilkie et al, 2000;Haurez et al, 2013), and they primarily focused on mammals, such as the African elephant (Maingi et al, 2012;Shaffer and Bishop, 2016), forest elephant (Blake et al, 2007;Maisels et al, 2013), Western Lowland gorilla (Stokes et al, 2010;Haurez et al, 2013) and Temminck's ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii, Pietersen et al, 2011). With many of these species classified as threatened (IUCN, 2018a), and with annual estimates of the cost of wildlife crime ranging from US$10-20 billion globally (Wilson-Wilde, 2010), the effort of research undertaken, specifically in these regions, supports the need for an understanding of both habitat and species of concern.…”