Spatial Distribution of Shopping Malls and Analysis of their Trade Areas in Istanbul

Ertekin, Özhan; Dökmecí, Vedia; Ünlükara, Tuba; Özus, Evren

doi:10.1080/09654310701748017

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Female owners/managers constitute 60.6% of the representation in this category while males constitute only 51.1%. This confirms the literature that states that females who find retail businesses more appropriate might establish in smaller neighborhood malls to provide daily items to consumers (Ertekin et al 2008). 6.…”

Section: Copyright By Author(s); Cc-by 253 the Clute Institutesupporting

confidence: 88%

Women Owners Of SMMEs: Finding Their Place In The Sun

Cilliers

Strydom

2016

IBER

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Women business ownership is cardinal for long-term economic growth. Research provides divergent reasons for the difference in the characteristics of SMMEs owned by women and those owned by men. In this study, a quantitative survey was conducted among 650 formal SMMEs in Soweto Township, South Africa, using questionnaires. A third of the respondents comprised women, who were characterised as generally being older (67.6% were over the age of 40), having a higher level of education (11.1% had three years or more of tertiary education) and being involved on a full-time basis in SMMEs (100%). When compared with their male counterparts, fewer young women were involved in business ownership, and a sizeable component of older women-owners/managers exists. No major difference regarding education was found between genders. Both gender groups started their businesses mainly because of unemployment. Far more women respondents than men located their businesses in small shopping centres. The results also showed that more women were in business for more than five years and that more women-owned businesses showed growth in income over the preceding year. These findings are aligned with national and international surveys which show that the gap between men and women business owners is narrowing. Finally, the results showed a need for support programmes focused on empowering both genders to succeed in all phases of the business life cycle, with a primary need for improved marketing skills. Business support programmes can be successful only if improved communication is established between programme developers and business owners.

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Section: Copyright By Author(s); Cc-by 253 the Clute Institutesupporting

confidence: 88%

Women Owners Of SMMEs: Finding Their Place In The Sun

Cilliers

Strydom

2016

IBER

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“…was responsible for the design of the study, setting up the experiments, completing most of the experiments, The proposed method sets the road intersection as the kernel center and does not select the kernel center based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the commercial POIs. However, the characteristics can be obtained by the methods of previous studies [59,60], and our algorithm can select the appropriate kernel center according to the distribution type of the commercial POIs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Delimitating Urban Commercial Central Districts by Combining Kernel Density Estimation and Road Intersections: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China

Yang

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2019

IJGI

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An urban, commercial central district is often regarded as the heart of a city. Therefore, quantitative research on commercial central districts plays an important role when studying the development and evaluation of urban spatial layouts. However, conventional planar kernel density estimation (KDE) and network kernel density estimation (network KDE) do not reflect the fact that the road network density is high in urban, commercial central districts. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new method (commercial-intersection KDE), which combines road intersections with KDE to identify commercial central districts based on point of interest (POI) data. First, we extracted commercial POIs from Amap (a Chinese commercial, navigation electronic map) based on existing classification standards for urban development land. Second, we calculated the commercial kernel density in the road intersection neighborhoods and used those values as parameters to build a commercial intersection density surface. Finally, we used the three standard deviations method and the commercial center area indicator to differentiate commercial central districts from areas with only commercial intersection density. Testing the method using Nanjing City as a case study, we show that our new method can identify seven municipal, commercial central districts and 26 nonmunicipal, commercial central districts. Furthermore, we compare the results of the traditional planar KDE with those of our commercial-intersection KDE to demonstrate our method’s higher accuracy and practicability for identifying urban commercial central districts and evaluating urban planning.

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“…Like shopping centers in other late-industrializing countries (Abaza 2001; Anjaria 2008; Hobden 2014; Houssay-Hozschuch and Teppo 2009; Stillerman and Salcedo 2012), Turkish malls exist within a different socioeconomic environment than the one to which malls were introduced in North America and Western Europe. In contrast to the American suburban mall, shopping centers in Turkey are overwhelmingly concentrated in the urban core and linked to various channels of public transportation (Erkip 2005; Ertekin et al 2008). Turkish malls are also integrated into extended mixed use commercial landscapes; many of Istanbul’s most elite shopping malls, such as Akmerkez and Kanyon in the busy commercial center of Levent, advertise themselves as “life centers” ( yaşam merkezleri ) and include condominiums, allowing residents literally to live at the mall.…”

Section: Context Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, just as the social practices by which hierarchies are constructed differ according to cultural context, so too are the contours of a social topography locally specific. In the following sections, I use empirical data on shopping practices at an elite urban mall to sketch out such a map of Istanbul, Turkey, a city whose growing urban wealth is matched by a widening income gap (Pamuk 2008; Özar and Ercan 2002), and where an explosion of retail spaces has been accompanied by rural-to-urban migration and the rise of a provincial bourgeoisie (Demir, Acar, and Toprak 2004; Ertekin et al 2008; Keyder 2005, 2010; Tokatlı and Boyacı 1998). As a mobile and visible method of simultaneously displaying wealth and legitimate belonging to the city, consumption has become the dominant idiom of status positioning in Istanbul (Karademir-Hazır 2014; Navaro-Yashin 2002; Öncü 1999; Rankin, Ergin, and Göksen 2014; Üstüner and Holt 2007).…”

Section: The Cultural Practice Of Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Social Topography

Richer

2015

Sociological Theory

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Sociological theorists have long understood the central role of status distinctions in producing social inequality. Although empirical studies have demonstrated how status hierarchies are reproduced in a broad range of cultural domains, there remains little research into where legitimating cultural practices take place, where they do not, and the role of space itself in producing status differences. As a result, sociologists lack a clear understanding of how status hierarchies give shape to cities and how the structure of cities might be practiced hierarchically. On the basis of interviews at a high-end shopping center in Istanbul, Turkey, I examine how consumers enact social rank in physical space with specific reference to the social contours of their city. Through privileging particular forms of consumption practices within socially and spatially exclusive venues, elites map legitimating values upon the physical shape of the city itself, providing a spatialized understanding of how status inequalities are distributed.

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Spatial Distribution of Shopping Malls and Analysis of their Trade Areas in Istanbul

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Women Owners Of SMMEs: Finding Their Place In The Sun

Women Owners Of SMMEs: Finding Their Place In The Sun

Delimitating Urban Commercial Central Districts by Combining Kernel Density Estimation and Road Intersections: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China

Toward a Social Topography

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