Spatial distribution of rural dumpsites parameters in Romania

Abstract

1. Spatial distribution of rural dumpsites parameters in Romania 2. Distribuzione spaziale dei parametri di rurali discariche in Romania 4. Abstract Poor waste management facilities led to uncontrolled waste disposal on improper sites in the proximity of human settlements particularly in rural areas. This bad practice prevailed in all rural regions until 16 July 2009 when these garbage dumps should be closed and rehabilitated according to Government Decision number 345/2005 which comply the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. The paper aims a spatial analysis of waste indicators concerning the rural dumpsites at administrative territorial units on national, regional and local scale. These data are correlated to geographical conditions reflecting spatial patterns in their distribution across and within Romanian counties. The role of geographical conditions is revealed at local scales in these spatial patterns due to a low coverage rate of rural communities to waste collection services. Such analysis supported by field observations is necessary for a proper understanding of illegal waste disposal issue. Rural regions are still exposed to such bad practices polluting the local environment.5. Key words: spatial analysis, waste indicators, rural areas, dumps, waste management, 6. Poveri spreco Impianti di gestione mal gestiti hanno portato allo smaltimento illegale dei rifiuti in siti localizzati in prossimità degli insediamenti umani, particolarmente nelle zone rurali. Questa cattiva pratica ha prevalso in tutte le regioni rurali fino al 16 luglio 2009, quando queste discariche devono essere chiuso e riabilitate secondo la normativa del governo nr. 345/2005 che è conforme alla direttiva sulle discariche 1999/31/CE. La carta si propone un'analisi spaziale degli indicatori dei rifiuti riguardante discariche rurale presso unità amministrative territoriali su scala nazionale, regionale e locale. Questi dati sono correlati alle condizioni geografiche e riflettono I modelli spaziali nella loro distribuzione all'interno di contee rumene e tra le stesse. Il ruolo dei fattori geografici si rivela su scala locale in tali modelli spaziali a causa di un basso tasso di copertura delle comunità rurali da parte dei servizi di raccolta rifiuti. Tale analisi, supportate da osservazioni di campo, sono necessarie per una corretta comprensione del problema di smaltimento illegale di rifiuti. Le regioni rurali sono ancora esposte a tali pratiche che comportano unrelevant inquinamento nell'ambiente locale. 7. analisi spaziale, indicatori di rifiuti , zone rurali, discariche, gestione dei rifiuti

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“…Moreover, there is no legally binding practice of door to door collection service of waste and segregating of the waste materials at all by any official bodies in the town. It is this poor solid waste management service that resulting uncontrolled waste disposal [28].…”

Introductory Chapter: Rural Waste Management Issues at Global Level

“…Despite the fact that these sites are smaller than formal urban landills and scatered across peri-urban and rural regions, they are still a signiicant pollution source. Wild dumps must be mapped at municipal level across all regions in order to assess their environmental impact [3,4]. Monitoring of illegal dumping activities is crucial either in high-income countries afecting public lands, roadsides, or water bodies [5][6][7].…”

Macro and microplastic pollution in Romania: addressing knowledge gaps and potential solutions under the circular economy framework

“…Mismanagement of plastic waste (MPW) refers to unsound disposal practices that could feed the plastic pollution of the natural environment such as open dumping/illegal dumping practices, littering behavior, open burning of plastics, or disposal in non-sanitary landfill sites. These bad practices in Romania are related to poor logistics, particularly in rural regions ( Mihai, 2015 ; Mihai & Ulman, 2022 ). Research studies regarding global plastic pollution levels use national data about the per-capita waste generation rates and plastic waste fraction of total municipal waste flow to determine the mismanagement of plastic waste (MPW%).…”

“…The closure of rural dumpsites in 2009–2010 revealed that most of the localities from extra-Carpathian regions had the largest open dumps (surface and volumes). This is explained by the lack of poor waste management facilities, particularly in rural areas combined with higher population density ( Mihai, 2015 ) while in the Carpathian regions, the dumps tended to be smaller and frequently located near freshwater bodies. In April-May 2019, a law enforcement campaign regarding illegal waste disposal practices in the proximity of water bodies was performed by the National Environmental Guard revealing 1908 dumps (C&DW, household waste, and other waste fractions) on riverbanks while the total inventory of illegal dumping sites detected in open environments in Romania reached 3,837 sites covering 1,384,980 m 2 ( National Environmental Guard (GNM), 2020 ).…”

“…In the period between 2000 and 2010, most rural localities lacked or had rather a poor waste collection infrastructure where source-separated collection of waste was marginal ( Mihai, 2018 ). In these circumstances, the uncollected waste ended up in rural dumpsites or was burnt ( Mihai, 2015 ).…”