Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight

Ahrens, Lutz; Felizeter, Sebastian; Ebinghaus, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.052

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 2 shows that elevated concentrations occurred in the seawater samples that were collected near the estuaries of the discharging rivers and an obviously declining spatial distribution profile from the coast to the open sea. This distribution pattern is consistent with ionic PFASs as well as other organic contaminants (Ahrens et al 2009), e.g., alkylphenols (Xie et al 2006) and phthalates (Xie et al 2005) in the North Sea. PFASs showed the highest concentrations at station W1 collected in the mouth of the River Weser (∑PFAS: 160 pg L −1 ), followed by W2 (∑PFAS: 120 pg L −1 ) that is located within the plume of the River Elbe, and decreased down to 3.7-31 pg L −1 in offshore seawater.…”

Section: Pfass In Seawatersupporting

confidence: 82%

“…4). Ahrens et al (2009) reported MeFBSE and MeFBSA to be lower than 0.75 ng L −1 in seawater of the North Sea in 2007 based on LC-MS/MS measurement. Möller et al (2010) measured MeFBSE (0.66 ng L −1 ) and MeFBSA (1.01-3.37 ng L −1 ) in river water of the Rhine, which are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than those determined in this work.…”

Section: Pfass In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Xie¹,

Zhao

Møller

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Concentrations of neutral poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), perfluoroalkane sufonamidoethanols (FASEs), and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTACs), have been simultaneously determined in surface seawater and the atmosphere of the North Sea. Seawater and air samples were taken aboard the German research vessel Heincke on the cruise 303 from 15 to 24 May 2009. The concentrations of FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs in the dissolved phase were 2.6-74, <0.1-19, <0.1-63, and <1.0-9.0 pg L −1 , respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in the estuary of the Weser and Elbe rivers and a decreasing concentration profile appeared with increasing distance from the coast toward the central part of the North Sea. Gaseous FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs were in the range of 36-126, 3.1-26, 3.7-19, and 0.8-5.6 pg m −3 , which were consistent with the concentrations determined in 2007 in the North Sea, and approximately five times lower than those reported for an urban area of Northern Germany. These results suggested continuous continental emissions of neutral PFASs followed by transport toward the marine environment.Air-seawater gas exchanges of neutral PFASs were estimated using fugacity ratios and the two-film resistance model based upon paired air-seawater concentrations and estimated Henry's law constant values. Volatilization dominated for all neutral PFASs in the North Sea. The air-seawater gas exchange fluxes were in the range of 2.5×10 3 -3.6×10 5 pg m −2 for FTOHs, 1.8 × 10 2 -1.0 × 10 5 pg m −2 for FASAs, 1.1 × 10 2 -3.0 × 10 5 pg m −2 for FASEs and 6.3×10 2 -2.0×10 4 pg m −2 for FTACs, respectively. These results suggest that the air-seawater gas exchange is an important process that intervenes in the transport and fate for neutral PFASs in the marine environment.

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Section: Pfass In Seawatersupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Pfass In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Xie¹,

Zhao

Møller

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The concentration of PFBS in this study was comparable to that in other coastal regions, such as Catalonia and Cantabrian Sea in Spain, coastal areas of Japan, South Korea and Pearl River of China (Taniyasu et al, 2003;So et al, 2004;Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010;Gómez et al, 2011). Higher concentrations of PFBS were found in coastal areas of the German Bight and South Korea (So et al, 2004;Ahrens et al, 2009b), and lower concentrations were observed in coastal areas of Japan, Catalonia in Spain (Taniyasu et al, 2003;Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010). Generally, the concentrations of PFBS in coastal waters were generally 1e2 orders of magnitude higher than that in open-ocean waters, which is similar to that of PFOA and PFOS.…”

Section: Comparison Of Pfc Concentrations In This Study With Those Insupporting

confidence: 81%

Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea

Cai

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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“…The 10 mL methanol and 10 mL 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in methanol were reduced to 200 mL for injection to determine the solvent blank, respectively, but no PFASs were detected. The instrument modification process, done avoid contamination by the HPLC-MS/MS system, was described elsewhere (Ahrens et al, 2009b;Möller et al, 2010). The sample recoveries ranged from 32 AE 15% ( 13 C-PFDoDA) to 76 AE 13% ( 18 O 2 -PFHxS) in cruise ARK-XXIV/3, and from 38 AE 14% ([ 13 C 2 ]-PFDA) to 66% AE 22% ([ 13 C 4 ]-PFOA) in cruise ANT-XXVII (Table S3).…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast

Zhao

Xie

Møller

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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137

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a b s t r a c tThe global distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated using seawater samples collected from the Greenland Sea, East Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in 2009e2010. Elevated levels of SPFASs were detected in the North Atlantic Ocean with the concentrations ranging from 130 to 650 pg/L. In the Greenland Sea, the SPFASs concentrations ranged from 45 to 280 pg/L, and five most frequently detected compounds were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFOA (15 pg/L) and PFOS (25e45 pg/L) were occasionally found in the Southern Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean, the SPFASs concentration decreased from 2007 to 2010. The elevated PFOA level that resulted from melting snow and ice in Greenland Sea implies that the Arctic may have been driven by climate change and turned to be a source of PFASs for the marine ecosystem.

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Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea

Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast

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