Spatial distribution of P. argentipes in association with agricultural surrounding environment in North Bihar, India

Abstract

Introduction: Phlebotomus argentipes is considered to be one of the major control measure targets in eradicating visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This study demonstrates the spatial association of P. argentipes abundance in relation to agricultural environment in the endemic area of north Bihar. Methodology: Vector data were collected from the 95 villages of the study area using a handheld aspiration technique. Space technology and ground observationwere made to estimate the environmental characteristics. Results: A total of 1,663 P. argentipes were collected between April and November 2011. Results showed negative and significant association between P. argentipes density and proximity to the agricultural land in both the dry (r = -0.39) and wet seasons (r = -0.55), respectively. A strong and positive association was observed between relative humidity and P. argentipes abundance (r = 0.55). Results illustrated a very strong positive association between soil moisture and P. argentipes abundance (r = 0.58). The agricultural land class density and the spatial abundance of P. argentipes showed a very strong and positive association (r = 0.46). Conclusions: This study will help in understanding the advantage of agricultural land use practices to delineate of P. argentipes habitat suitability, which may strengthen existing control strategies in this endemic area.

Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: a comparison of predictions from three transmission models

“…For model W, the average duration of asymptomatic infection was based on (Chapman et al, 2015), where it was estimated as approximately 5 months (95% CI 4–5.5 months). This estimate was used in this paper as it is supported by the presence of a seasonal pattern in the monthly numbers of VL cases in the CARE districts and the timing of this pattern relative to observed seasonal variation in sandfly abundance in Bihar (Poché et al, 2011, Malaviya et al, 2014a, Picado et al, 2010b, Kesari et al, 2014). It also agrees reasonably well with the results of the parameter uncertainty analysis for model W (the maximum likelihood estimates for the asymptomatic infection duration for the 8 districts ranged from 98 to 163 days, see SF1).…”

Assessing the combined effects of household type and insecticide effectiveness for kala-azar vector control using indoor residual spraying: a case study from North Bihar, India

“…household-types, IRS-status and intervention effects) that need to be undertaken or improved immediately, especially at a micro-scale level in a highly endemic situation. In fact, there are several studies where GIS-tools have been used for risk-mapping of vectors’ breeding sites and diseases’ spatial distributions at a macro-scale level [24, 26, 37].…”

“…high, medium and low/no-risk). Each reclassified raster layer was then multiplied by its assigned weight, taking into consideration of relative importance of parameters which furnishes favorable conditions (based on the endemic status of the study village, sand fly breeding sites, and resting and feeding behavior) for P. argentipes abundance [26, 29, 30, 37]. A 50:50 weight to both thematic risk-maps was given as they equally contributed to sand fly abundance (Additional file 1: Table S2).…”

A comparative study of the proximity to nomadic travel routes and environmental factors on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer–Ahmad province, southwestern Iran

“…In the current study, we did not find difference between altitudes in the comparison of CL reported villages/cities within and outside NTR that supports our hypothesis that proximity to the NTR is probably the main risk factor for acquiring CL. Due to the potential of the irrigated and dry farms to retain moisture in the soil and subsoil with an average humidity of 80–65%, and its importance for the growth and spreading of sandflies, the leishmaniasis is prevalent in these areas (Fakhar et al., 2017; Kesari et al., 2014; van Henten et al., 2018; Wijerathna & Gunathilaka, 2020). This land cover was found to be effective on the CL in previous (Ghatee et al., 2018a) and current studies in Kohgylohyeh and Boyerahmad province.…”